Do PLANT cells and ANIMAL cells have all the same ORGANELLES (stuff inside the cell) ? ORGANELLES 1.Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. Animal cells do not. 2. Animals cells have a centriole. Plant cells do not. ANIMATION – DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS ANIMATION – INSIDE THE CELL MICROSCOPE PRESENTATION CELLS ALIVE!!

Multicellular Organisms Animals and plants are made up of many cells. All cells in multicellular organisms communicate with each other in order to enhance their performance. WORKSHEET – CELLS TO LABEL

Receptor Proteins Tiny antenna like receptors on the cell’s surface and its interior that receive and transmit information from the world outside the cell in the form of chemical signals. ANIMATION

Hormones Chemical signals that act as messengers. Many can’t penetrate the lipid bi-layer of the cell membrane and need to bind to the surface of a receptor protein in order to deliver their message. An example is glucagon. ANIMATION

Cell Surface Markers Specific proteins that identify teams and position of cells, for instance markers enable your immune system to react and destroy uninvited guests such as bacteria. They are also important in determining the cell’s fate in terms of what they’ll become (blood cell, muscle cell, etc.) They are very important in organ transplantation.

Diffusion The mixing of two substances by the random motion of molecules from an area of higher concentration to and area of lower concentration.

Osmosis The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Osmotic Pressure The force created by the water that enters the cell against the cell membrane. Too much osmotic pressure can cause the cell to burst.

Selective Transport Is the transport of specific substances by means of protein channels and pumps. This form of transport enables the cell to control what enters or leaves.

Facilitated Diffusion A form of selective transport in which channels assist or facilitate the diffusion of substances. This is the way that certain ions such as potassium enters the cell.

Active Transport A type of pump that moves molecules in one direction. This type of transport is very important in moving sugars and amino acids.

Sodium~Potassium Pump A type of pump that moves sodium ions out of cells and potassium ions into the cells. Sodium ions are very important to keep nerve cells functioning.

Proton Pump Expels protons causing large numbers of protons to accumulate on one side of the cell membrane. This pump is important in cell metabolism. They depend on chemical or light energy to function.

Endocytosis A process in which arm like extensions reach out to surround and engulf particles that are too large to pass through the cell membrane.

Exocytosis A process in which a sac of cellular waste inside the cell fuses with the membrane and empties its contents outside the cell.