INTRODUCTION TO PALLIATIVE CARE Alison Humphrey Clinical Nurse Specialist in Palliative Care, STH

AIMS  To explore development of Palliative Care  Definitions  Where are we now  Service available and how to access them

HISTORY OF HOSPICE/PALLIATIVE CARE HISTORY OF HOSPICE Existed in Roman Times – Charitable institutions for travellers 19 th century religious influence and opened for care of the dying MODERN HOSPICE CARE Influenced by Ciceley Saunders Separation Transition Incorporation present PALLIATIVE CARE SUPPORTIVE CARE END OF LIFE CARE

PALLIATIVE CARE SUPPORTIVE CARE END OF LIFE CARE

PALLIATIVE CARE ‘Palliative care is an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problems associated with life-threatening illness, through prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems physical, psychosocial and spiritual’ (WHO, 2002) Palliative Care should involve holistic care according to NICE (2004) striving for ‘best quality of life’, ‘applicable earlier in the course of the illness in conjunction with other treatments’ and ‘to help patients to live as actively as possible until death and to help the family to cope during the patient’s illness and in their own bereavement’ (p.20).

SUPPORTIVE CARE  The emphasis of supportive care is to support patients and families ‘during treatment and allowing them to live as well as possible with the effects of the disease’ (NICE, 2004 p.18) and even mentions from diagnosis through to cure as well as to death and bereavement.  This would fit with the cancer survivorship, initiative (DOH, 2007a, 2010); a cancer survivor being : ‘someone who has completed initial treatment and has no apparent evidence of active disease, or is living with progressive disease and may be receiving treatment but is not in the terminal phase of illness, or someone who has had cancer in the past’ (Corner, 2007).  Long Term Conditions

END OF LIFE CARE  End of Life Care Strategy (2008) has the aim of allowing patients to ‘live as well until they die throughout the last phase of life and into bereavement’.  The last phase considered to be last 12 months of life.  Advanced Care Planning  Amber Bundles

EMPHASIS ON END OF LIFE CARE  One in 10 patients die during their hospital stay One in 10 patients die during their hospital stay Chris Smyth The Times Published: 19 March 2014  Liverpool care pathway review shows challenges in palliative care Melanie Henwood Guardian Professional, Tuesday 23 July 2013 Melanie HenwoodGuardian Professional  Neuberger Report, 2013  Francis Report, 2013

GENERAL PALLIATIVE CARE  ‘General palliative care is the level of palliative care which should be provided by all healthcare professionals, in primary or secondary care, within their duties to patients with life-limiting disease’

SPECIALIST PALLIATIVE CARE Holistic and multidisciplinary approach MDT consist of Doctors, Nurses, Social Worker, Therapists, Chaplain, Complementary Therapies Provided at the expert level, by a trained, multi- professional team in order to manage persisting, sever or complex problems

UUncontrolled Complex Symptoms Psychological Emotional Issues Related to illness Complex Social Issues Psychospiritual Issues REFERRAL CRITERIA End of Life care

REFERRALS NOT MEETING CRITERIA Condition inactive and stable Long term care Palliative Package of care Respite Chroni c Pain

SERVICES AVAILABLE IN STH Hospital Support Team consisting of Consultant, Registrar and Clinical Nurse Specialists Macmillan Palliative Care Unit – 18 bedded inpatient unit Outpatient clinics run by Consultants and Registrars Community Visits Complex Case Management

COMMUNITY TEAM SERVICES IN SHEFFIELD  Community Specialist Palliative Care Team consisting mainly of Clinical Nurse Specialists with access to Consultant and Registrar Support  St Luke’s Hospice Inpatient Centre – 20 bedded unit  Therapies and Rehabilitation Centre – Day Care

OUT OF HOURS  Community – Contact St Luke’s main switchboard.  STH Palliative Care CNS Team providing seven day, 9-5 service  STH after 5pm – Contact switchboard who will contact Registrar on call for Palliative Care

HOW TO REFER Complete referral form with as much detail as possible and urgency Fax to appropriate number Send additional information if felt needed

REFERRAL FORM

HOW REFERRAL IS PROCESSED FOR COMMUNITY SERVICES AND INPATIENT UNIT Discussion at Daily Referral Meeting If accepted, allocated to requested service Contact made with patient If not accepted, reasons given Referring Professional contacted

REFERRAL TO HOSPITAL SUPPORT TEAM  Referrals reviewed by Palliative Care CNS  Referrals prioritised  Visit ward

REFERENCES CORNER, Jessica (2007) Making the National Cancer Survivorship Initiative a Reality powerpoint presentation at Britain against Cancer Conference London rita accessed rita accessed DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, MACMILLAN CANCER SUPORT AND NHS IMPROVEMENT (2010) National Cancer Survivorship Initiative (NCSI) Vision. London, Crown DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (2008) End of Life Care Strategy - Promoting high quality care for all adults at the end of life. London, Crown DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (2013) MORE CARE,LESS PATHWAY A REVIEW OF THE LIVERPOOL CARE PATHWAY NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR CLINICAL EXCELLENCE (2004) Improving Supportive and Palliative Care for Adults with Cancer London, National Institute for Clinical Excellence Report of the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry The AMBER Care Bundle Design Team (2011) WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION (2002) WHO Definition of Palliative Care