Pharmaceutics (I) Prelab III Presented by Abdurrahman Fahmy

Use: Cough Syrup for treatment of dry cough X 0.5 Rx Codeine phosphate 0.3 g Cpd Tartarazine solution 1 ml Benzoic acid solution 2 ml Water 2 ml Lemon syrup 20 ml Syrup to 100 ml Send 50 ml Fiat: Cough Syrup Sig: Ʒi t.d.s.p.c. 0.15 g Cough Suppressant 0.5 ml Coloring agent 1 ml Preservative 1 ml Solvent for drug 10 ml Sweetening and flavoring agent 50ml Vehicle Calculation: Use: Cough Syrup for treatment of dry cough Factor = 50/100 = 0.5 Vehicle = 50 – (10+1+1+0.5) =37.5 ml ¾ vehicle = ¾ X 37.5 = 28.125 ml = 28 ml

0.5 ml Compound tartarazine solution 0.000 g 0.15 g codeine phosphate Glass-rod 1 ml water Cup measure 0.5 ml Compound tartarazine solution 1 ml benzoic acid solution Cup measure

Adjust volume to 50 ml with syrup 10 ml lemon syrup Cup measure Cup measure Adjust volume to 50 ml with syrup

Fiat: Cough Syrup Sig: Ʒi t.d.s.p.c. Label The Cough Syrup One teaspoonful to be taken three times daily after meals.

Aspirin solution for pediatrics Can not swallow tablets Need small doses Unstable Expires within days (ester hydrolysis).

Aspirin ℞ Acetyl salicylic a gr.x Potassium citrate gr. xxx 1.95 g water a d ℥j Fiat : Mist Mitte : ℥iij Sig. : ʒi Ter in die sumenda. Uses: analgesic, antirheumatic and antipyretic Factor = 90 / 30 = 3 X 3 1.95 g 5.85 g 90 ml 10x0.065 = 0.65 g 30x0.065 = 1.95 g 30ml

Role of Potassium Citrate: • Acetyl Salicylic acid is sparingly soluble in water, its solubility will increase in solutions of acetate or citrate of sodium or potassium. ( Salting In through buffer action ) • Potassium citrate is strongly ionized & citrate ions yielded combine with hydrogen ions of the acid forming citric acid

Procedure: Add aspirin & finely powder with pestle Add 30 ml water & triturate till saturation (5mins) Transfer to cup measure & adjust to final volume with water. (Hazy solution) Add potassium citrate and stir with pestle until complete solution of acetyl salicylic acid (5mins)

One teaspoonful to be taken three times daily. Label: The Mixture One teaspoonful to be taken three times daily.

Caution ! Camphor Water ℞ Camphor 0.1 gm Alcohol 1.5 ml Purified water to 100 ml Uses: carminative internally & antiseptic & anaesthetic in eye lotion Also it is usually used as a Medicated vehicle

N.B. • Camphor is soluble only 1 in 700 of water, Camphor is very soluble in alcohol. • The addition of the alcoholic solution to water yield a finely-divided precipitate of camphor, which in this condition, passes into solution more quickly then camphor simply powdered.

Procedure: Dissolve the camphor in alcohol (1.5 ml) Water (98.5 ml) Add alcoholic solution of camphor in small portions to water each addition followed by vigrous shaking

Label: The Camphor Water [ E.P.]

Common System

Avoir du pois “measure of weight*” “commercial uses” 1 16 7000 437.5 Pound “Ib.” Ounce “oz.” Grain “gr.” 1 16 7000 437.5

Apothecaries “Fluid measure” “ compounding prescriptions” Gallon Quart “qt.” Pint “pt.” Fluidounce “f℥” Fluidrachm “f ʒ” Minim “m.” 1 4 8 128 1024 61440 2 32 256 15360 16 7680 480 60

Apothecaries “measure of weight.” Pound “Ib.” Ounce “℥” Drachm “ʒ” Scruple “э” Grain “gr.” 1 12 96 288 5760 8 24 480 3 60 20

Set of Apothecaries weight: 960 480 240 120 60 30 40 20 ℥ ii ℥ i ℥ ss ʒ ii ʒ i ʒ ss ℈ ii ℈ i 10 ℈ ss 5 gr. 4 gr. 3 gr. 2 gr. 1 gr. 1/2 gr.

Simple quantity: 181 cm Compound quantity: 1 m,81 cm Before a compound quantity can be used in a calculation, it must be simplified to be expressed in terms of a single denomination.

Q. Reduce ℥ss ʒii ℈i to grains. ℥ss = 1/2 x 480 gr. = 240 gr. ℨii = 2 x 60 gr. = 120 gr. ℈i = 1 x 20 gr. = 20 gr. 380 gr.,

Q. Change 165 grains to weighable Apothecaries unit. 120 30 10 5 ʒii, ʒss, эss, 5 gr.

N.B. “The only common denomination Between both systems is the Grain , the others, even if have the same name but have quite different values. Therefore, To convert between the 2 systems, we’ve to convert it first to the grain, & then back to the other system .

Convert ℥ ii, ʒii into avoir du pois denomination: ℥ ii = 2*480=960 gr. ʒii = 2*60=120 gr. Total= 960+120=1080gr. 1 oz.= 437.5 gr 1080/437.5= 2.4685 oz (2*437.5 = 875) 1080-875 = 205 gr. Therefore, 2 oz.,205 gr.

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