1. Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy
Prelab 1
Presented by :
Osama Saher

2. For adjustment of final volume only *
Measuring
Measuring Cup
(Cup Measure)
For adjustment of final volume only *
Graduated Cylinder
(Cylindrical measure)

3. Prescriptions are best written in latin language, WHY?
1) It is language of medical science all-over the world.
2) Latin names are definite with no mis-interpretation
3) unknown by patients thus prevent worry and fear

4. Simple Solutions
They are liquid dosage forms prepared by dissolving soluble substances in an aqueous or non aqueous vehicle.
Water soluble substances may be either:
List (A) substances
List (B) substances
Readily dissolve by stirring e.g. NH4Cl
Finely powdered before dissolving e.g. borax
Dissolve readily in warm water e.g. MgSO4

6. General Method for Preparation of solutions
Stage
Process
Stage (1)
Dissolve solids in ¾ of vehicle (warm if needed)
Stage (2)
Examine the solution against light and filter if necessary through a small piece of wetted cotton plug
Stage (3)
Add any other liquid ingredients.
(Cool If volatile ingredients are present)
Stage (4)
Adjust the volume with the vehicle in a cup measure
Stage (5)
Transfer to a bottle and attach label

7. 1)Ammonium chloride Calculations℞
Ammonium chloride g [A.C., expectorant]
Liquid extract of liquorice ml [Mucolytic, expectorant]
Syrup ml [Sweetening agent]
Water Q.S to ml [Vehicle (before to *)]
Fiat: Cough Syrup
Sig: 5 ml t.d.s.
Use: For Cough
This applies to all SOLUTIONS
Calculations
Volume of water (vehicle) = (5 + 50) = 45 ml
¾ Vehicle = ¾ * 45 = ≈ 35 ml

9. Filter on cotton wetted with water *
Procedure g
4 g amm.
chloride
Balance
35 ml Water
Cup measure
Stirring
Filter on cotton wetted with water *
Cup measure
If turbid, filter
*Not dripping water
*Never filter a colored solution so filter before the coloring agent addition

10. Transfer clear solution to cup measure
50 ml
Syrup
5 ml
Ext. of liquorice
Water
Adjust volume
to 100 ml
Transfer to
a bottle

11. Label Fiat: Cough Syrup Sig: 5 ml t.d.s. The Cough Syrup
2. Central title from Fiat.
3. All with capital letter
The Cough Syrup
One teaspoonful to be taken three times daily.
Fiat: Cough Syrup
Sig: 5 ml t.d.s.
4.Underline the title
6.First word starts with capital letter
7.Write dose
5.Leave paragraph space before the first word.
10. All numbers are written in letters.
8.Write frequency
1.White label*(enter the gut) /RED*
9.Must end with a full stop.
Note :
Teaspoonful:
One word
Spoonful with oo and one l.

12. 2) Ferrous Fumarate Calculations℞
Ferrous Fumarate g [A.C., antianeamic]
Tr. of nux-vomica ml [Bitter stomachic]
Syrup ml [Sweetening agent]
Water to ml [Vehicle]
Fiat : Mist.
Sig.: 15 ml P.C.
Calculations
Volume of water (vehicle) = (10 + 3) = 77 ml
¾ Vehicle = ¾ x 77 = 57.5 ≈ 60 ml

13. Sprinkle 5 g ferrous fumarate with stirring
Procedure g
Sprinkle 5 g ferrous fumarate with stirring
Balance
60 ml Water
Cup measure
Water
Adjust
volume
to 90 ml
3 ml
Tr. Nux-vomica
10 ml
Syrup

14. No filtration. …why??? (A: colored solution)
Transfer to a bottle
Precautions
Sprinkle ferrous fumarate at the center of the vehicle to prevent the formation of sticky mass which is difficult to be dissolved.
No filtration. …why??? (A: colored solution)

15. Label White lable. The Mixture
One tablespoonful to be taken after meals.
Fiat : Mist.
Sig.: 15 ml P.C.

16. 3) Phenobarbital elixir
℞ Elixir: It is clear flavored, sweetened hydroalcoholic solution intended for oral use.
Phenobarbital gm (0.2 g) (A.C. tranquilizer)
Orange oil ml (0.05 ml) (Flavoring agent)
Alcohol ml (12.8 ml) (Solvent for phenobarbital)
Glycerin ml (17.5 ml) (Co-solvent)
Sucrose gm (1 g) (Sweetening agent)
Water q.s ml (50 ml) (Vehicle)
Fiat : Elixir
Mitte : 50 ml (F = 50/100 = 0.5)
Sig.: ʒ i o.n.
Use: sedative in epilepsy
prescribed
Required
F=Required /prescribed
Calculations
Factor = 50 / 100 = 0.5
Volume of water (vehicle) = ( ) = 19.7 ml
¾ Vehicle = ¾ x 20 = 15 ml

17. Procedure 1 g sucrose with stirring (if turbid, filter) Balance
15 ml Water
2 drops Orange
oil g
0.2 g phenobarbital
with stirring
Balance
17.5 ml
Glycerin
12.8 ml
Alcohol

18. Aqueous Solution
Portion wise
with stirring
Adjust volume to 50 ml
with water
Alcoholic
Solution
Transfer to
a bottle

19. Precautions
Aqueous solution is added to the alcoholic one not the reverse to:
To prevent volatilization of alcohol
To prevent precipitation of alcohol-soluble substances by dilution.
Label
White lable.
The Elixir
One teaspoonful to be taken every night.
Fiat : Elixir
Sig.: ʒ i o.n.

20. ROMAN NUMBERS

21. ROMAN NUMBERS Letter Numerical Value ss 1/2 I or i 1 V or v 5 X or x10
L or l 50
C or c
100
D or d
500
M or m
1000

22. Rules of ROMAN numbers:
1) When the left letter is ≥ 1st letter  (+) SUM ii 2
iii 3
Mdclxvi
= 1666
N.B.:
Notice the order in the values

23. 9 40 90 400 900 2) When the left letter is  1st letter  (-) SUBTRACTiV 4 iX 9 XL 40 XC 90 CD
400 CM
900
XiV
= 14
Xix
= 19
xLiv
= 44
Xcix
= 99

24. i V X L C D M Example: = xLix not iL 95 = XCV not vC 99 =Xcix not iC
I, X and C are called  SUBTRACTORS
i.e. can be subtracted only from the next higher two values
i : can be subtracted only from V and X
X: can be subtracted only from L and C
C: can be subtracted only from D and M
Example:
= xLix not iL
95 = XCV not vC
99 =Xcix not iC

25. arabic
roman
NOT 1 i 2 ii 3
iii
iiV 4 IV
IIII
Rule :Each number can be repeated maximally 3 times only 6 VI 7
VII 8
VIII
IIX
Not more than one subtractor can be subtracted from one letter 19
X iX
iXX
Rule : SUBTRACTORS can be placed before only one greater letter than itself
i.e. XiX = 19 not iXX ( 9 cant come before 10 and the 1 is not subtracted from 20)

26. 48 Xlviii 5+1+1+1=8 40+8=48 V>I X<L Mcmlxxxiv
2) Write the following in arabic numbers
Roman number
Arabic number
Xlviii 48
X<L
L-X=40
V>I =8
40+8=48
Mcmlxxxiv
1984
Hundreds
Tens
units
Thousands
C<M=
M-C=
=900
LXXX=
=80
I<V=
V-I=
5-1=4
M=1000

27. Practical Problems 10+8 8+10 10=X 8=5+3 8=V+ III XVIII
1) Write the following in roman numbers
Number
Roman number 18
Xviii
10+8
8+10
10=X
8=5+3
8=V+ III
XVIII

28. Practical Problems 900=1000-100 1000+900+80+4 1000=M =CM
1) Write the following in roman numbers
Number
Roman number
1984
Mcmlxxxiv
1000=M
900=
=CM
80=
80=100-20
4=5-1
=iv
80=LXXX

29. ROMAN NUMBERS

30. Lab Tools you must bring
1- clean Lab Coat (white color) بالطو ابيض
2- Scissors (to trim the label)مقص
3- Your ID كارنيه الكلية
4-problems next Tuesday
5-prelab source.
6-weighing paper

31. THANK YOU & GOOD LUCK You can ask us at any time and
We can ask you at ANY TIME
THANK YOU & GOOD LUCK