Kenneth Lim 30 & 31 Jul 2013 With acknowledgements to NUS Libraries EndNote Team Tools for your Biological Sciences Research (Life Sciences Year II Students)

Outline Using the Library Overview of Search Strategies Information Sources & Evaluation Citations & Plagiarism Bibliographic Software & Introduction to EndNote Guides, Tools and Tips 2

NUS Libraries Portal ( 3

Loan Entitlement for Undergraduates 20items 14days 3 renewals 4 How do I Borrow a Book? FAQ:

Literature Search Cycle 5 Breakdown the Research topic into concepts Identify key Information Sources Develop a Search Strategy Locate Additional Information Sources Manage Citations

Types of Database Searches Keyword / Phrase Search e.g. Using “horseshoe crab” in Web of Science /Google Field Search e.g. Using Raffles Bulletin of Zoology in the Publication Name field in Zoological Record Subject Heading / Thesaurus Search e.g. Using neoplasms (instead of cancer) as a MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) term in PubMed 6

Boolean Connectors OR - either of the terms may be present. Used for broadening a search e.g. roundworms OR nematodes AND - both terms must be present. Used for narrowing a search. e.g. parasites AND intestine NOT - eliminate an unwanted concept or word e.g. parasites NOT flatworms ( ) – grouping words or phrases and specifying the order in which Boolean operations occur when multiple operations are present e.g. (A OR B) AND C A OR (B AND C) 7

Exact vs. Wildcard Search “ ’’- searches the exact phrase enclosed within the quotes e.g. “avian influenza” * - represent any group of characters or no characters (useful for representing various forms of a term) e.g. biol* - for biology, biological, biologist, biologists ? - represent any single character (useful for singular/plural forms) e.g. cat? - for cat, cats $ - represent one character or no characters e.g. behavio$r, colo$r, vapo$r (useful for finding both British & American spellings) 8

Types of Information Sources Information SourcesExamples Primary Sources Presents the original research information and empirical data. Experimental results Theses & Dissertations Conference Proceedings Journal articles Secondary Sources Review or restate information in Primary Sources or other Secondary Sources. Review articles Bibliographies Databases Tertiary Sources Provides overviews of topics by synthesizing information gathered from other sources. Dictionaries Encyclopedias Textbooks 9 Current Dated

Recommended Online Resources 10 Type of InformationRecommended E-Resource Multi-disciplinary Bibliographic Databases Web of Science / Scopus Biomedical & Life Sciences BIOSIS Previews Animal Biology & Taxonomic Reference Zoological Record Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Healthcare & Life Sciences PubMed (MEDLINE) Experimental Protocols and Videos Wiley Current Protocols JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments) Chemical Substance Structure / Properties & Reaction Searching SciFinder / Reaxys Newspaper Articles Factiva / PERIND / NewspaperSG

Guidelines for Evaluation of Resources CriteriaQuestions Authority Author’s Credentials, Subject Expert? Accuracy Information is Valid and Reliable Objectivity & Purpose Any Bias? Review process Publication Peer-Reviewed? Suitability Academic /Scholarly Journal (Journal Impact Factor, Immediacy Index) Timeliness When was the Information published? 11

Production of Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) 12 Source:

Alternative: recombinant Factor-C (r-FC)

Research Topics 14 Topic 1: Population studies of Asian Horseshoe Crabs Topic 2: Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) and Recombinant Factor C (rFC) as tests for airborne endotoxins Image Source: /

BIOSIS Previews Demo

Construction of Search Statement Step 1: Identify concepts/keywords Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) and Recombinant Factor C (rFC) as tests for airborne endotoxins Step 2: Generate synonyms, alternate terms, abbreviations airborne: air, aerial, dust, aerosol endotoxin: pyrogen, lippopolysaccharide, LPS Step 3: Construct search statement (initial search) (endotoxin* AND (air* OR dust*)) AND ("limulus amebocyte lysate" OR "recombinant factor c" ) 16

“Good artists copy, great artists steal” - Steve Jobs (1994) “…competitors should create their own original technology, not steal ours.” - Steve Jobs (2010) 17

Plagiarism What is Plagiarism? A piece of writing that has been copied from someone else and presented as being your own work. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th Ed.) The act of taking someone’s words or ideas as if they were your own. Avoiding Plagiarism CIT Preventing Plagiarism site Proper citation of information sources turnitin software 18

Citations & Bibliography Two places to cite the references you have used: within a sentence (in-text citation) at the end of the document (bibliography/references) 19

Why cite? To acknowledge the contributor(s) of ideas used in writings To lend support to arguments by referring to authoritative sources To help readers verify your claims To show research done 20

It’s Break Time!

Bibliographic Management Software 22

EndNote Online Guide

Introduction to EndNote A software that: stores and organises references from many sources inserts these references into a Word document, and automatically formats your references according to a predefined citation style 24

EndNote vs EndNote Web 25 25,000

EndNote Workflow Create an EndNote Library2. Add references to the EndNote Library3. Manage references: using groups & finding duplicates4. Insert references in MS Word (Cite While You Write)5. Change citation style and edit preferences

Installing EndNote for PC 27 For installation issues, contact NUS IT Care Tel: ,

Installing EndNote for Mac software administrator for instructions 28

The EndNote Library Contains all your references. No limit to number of references, but <100,000 is recommended 29

Step 1: Create an EndNote Library a.All programs > EndNote > EndNote Program b.File > New c.Filename: Test (*.enl) d.Save 30 Hands-on

Step 2: Add References to the Library 31 Direct Export Direct Export Import Text File Manual Inputting EndNote Library Cite While You Write MS Word Import PDF Online Search

Method 1: Direct Export Export references directly from database a.At the database, select the records you want b.Save, output, export or send to EndNote (Look for “RIS format”) c.Click Open to transfer records to your EndNote library 32

Method 1: Direct Export (WOS) 1. Mark the records 2. Click on EndNote

Method 1: Direct Export (PubMed) 1. Mark the records 2. Send to>Choose Destination>Citation Manager

Method 1: Direct Export (FindMore)

Method 2: Import.txt File Used when references cannot be exported to EndNote. Very few databases e.g. Factiva a.At the database, select the records you want b.Export text (.txt) file and save on desktop c.In EndNote, go to File > Import d.Browse and select the.txt file e.Select Import option > Other filters 36 Which filter to use?

Method 3: Online Search Search free databases (e.g. PubMed) and library catalogues (e.g. LINC, Library of Congress) a.Go to Online Search Mode > More b.Select a free database or catalogue, e.g. NATL U of Singapore c.In the online search pane, search by exact title of book or conference proceeding d.Copy the reference to Local Library Mode 37 NATL

38 Method 3: Online Search 2. Select more 1. Click on Online Search Mode (Temporary Library) Search by the exact title

Method 4: Import PDF Files Extracts references from PDF files PDF must contain a Digital Object Identifer (DOI) and is not a scanned document. Steps: a.In EndNote, go to File > Import b.Choose either file or folder, and change Import Option > PDF Note: If the author, title, journal, etc, fields are not auto-populated, the PDF could be of the wrong format or have an incorrect DOI 39

Method 4: Import PDF Files 40

Method 5: Manual Inputting 41 Link to the video:

Step 3: Duplicate References To set criteria: Edit > Preferences > Duplicates To find duplicates: References > Find Duplicates 42

Managing References: Custom Groups Create folders to group (categorise) references 43 Go back to All References. Select references and drag into custom group. Alternatively, right click on the references > Add References To > My Groups

Managing References: Smart Groups Automatically group references based on your search criteria, e.g.: author/year/title contains/is/word begins with… Note: Any references added to EndNote will be automatically filed in the group, with immediate effect

Attaching Files to References To set criteria: References > File Attachment > Attach Files 45

Step 4: Cite While You Write (CWYW) 46 Use MS Word to insert citations into your paper Create a paper with properly formatted references, bibliography, figures & tables Tip: Do NOT edit the citations and bibliographies in Word. Edit the reference in the EndNote Library only Tip: To locate citation and bibliography fields, change the MS Word’s Field Shading option

Inserting Citations 47 Method 1: Find Citation a.EndNote X6 tab: Insert citation > Find Citation b.Search for a word in any field (e.g. title, author) c.Select the references that you want to insert into your paper Method 2: Insert Selected Citation(s) a.In EndNote library, select a citation b.Go to Word and place cursor at insertion point c.Click on Insert Citation > Insert Selected Citation(s)

Editing Citations & References Edit & Manage Citation(s) E.g. add page numbers, exclude author, exclude year Edit Library Reference(s) Place cursor in the citation, click on Edit library references and make the necessary changes. Next, click on Update citations and bibliography 48

Change Style & Create a Bib Section To change the citation style EndNote X6 tab: Click on Style > Select Another Style… To create bibliography section* a.Bottom right corner of Bibliography group > Layout > Bibliography title b.Type References (or Bibliography) *The bibliography section appears only when you insert a citation 49

Backing Up Library (1) Method 1: Save a Copy Creates an exact copy of the library  xxx Copy.Data and xxx Copy.enl File > Save a Copy… 50

Backing Up Library (2) Method 2: Compress Library Saves the.enl file and.Data folder into one compressed file File > Compressed Library (.enlx) To restore: File > Open > Open Library … 51

More Information on EndNote EndNote LibGuide EndNote X6 User’s Guide Endnote Training YouTube Channel EndNote Updates Output Styles Connection Files Microsoft Word Templates Frequently Asked Questions Contact NUS Libraries’ EndNote team: 52

Online Database Guides & Resources Biological & Life Sciences Subject Guide PubMed Resources Web of Science / BIOSIS Resources Scopus Resources

Library Proxy Stem/Bookmarklet NUS Libraries Proxy Stem e.g. Prefix a URL with the NUS Libraries Proxy Stem om/content/e440n v/ Installing the NUS Libraries Proxy Bookmarklet: FAQ: FAQ: 54

Accessing Full-Text via Google Scholar Setting up NUS Libraries access in Google Scholar : FAQ: FAQ: Alternate direct link:

Accessing Full-Text via PubMed Setting up NUS Libraries access in PubMed: FAQ: Direct link: myncbishare=nuslib&holding=isgnuslib_fft myncbishare=nuslib&holding=isgnuslib_fft 56