INTONATION Chapters 15 & 16.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Phonetics as a scientific study of speech
Advertisements

American English Speech Patterns
More on Intonation and Stress Chapter 8. Polite tones: Politeness is expressed using higher pitch notes. Polite words can be more polite if spoken with.
1 English Pronunciation for Communication A Practical Course for Students of English By Wang Guizhen Faculty of English Language & Culture Guangdong University.
Pitch 4 extra High 3 High na 2 Normal ____________imagi 1 Low tion
Unit 13 Types of Intonation in English
Margarita Vinagre Department of English Studies UAM
Suprasegmentals The term suprasegmental refers to those properties of an utterance which aren't properties of any single segment. The following are usually.
Varied, Vivid Expressive How can you use your voice to engage, express, and create meaning?
Prosodics, Part 1 LIN Prosodics, or Suprasegmentals Remember, from our first discussions in class, that speech is really a continuous flow of initiation,
Intonation English Phonetics and Phonology Lesson 6A.
INTONATION 2 Chapter 16. What is an intonation language? It is a language in which substituting one distinctive tone for another on a particular word.
PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
STRESS insimplewords. The nature of stress  More easily recognized than defined e.g. ´father´, ´apartment´, ´perhaps´  The conventions for marking stress.
Sound files in this presentation are in …25/SOUND. Move them to.. 25/SLIDESANDDOCSS/Tones 3.
Chapter three Phonology
Pitch, Contour and Terminal Pertemuan 10 Matakuliah: G0332/English Phonology Tahun: 2007.
FUNCTIONS OF INTONATION
STUDY OF ENGLISH STRESS AND INTONATION
ESP COURSE ( English for Specific Purposes) for Class Teachers (3-4, 5-6) Vera Savic, MA Lecturer in English Faculty of Education in Jagodina University.
Phonetics and Phonology
Lecture 6 The Intonation Phonology Suprasegmental phonology Intonation
Unit 15 Functions & Uses of English Intonation
LINGUA INGLESE 1 modulo B Introduction to English Linguistics prof. Hugo Bowles Lesson 8 Stress + Intonation 1.
1 Speech Perception 3/30/00. 2 Speech Perception How do we perceive speech? –Multifaceted process –Not fully understood –Models & theories attempt to.
Suprasegmentals Segmental Segmental refers to phonemes and allophones and their attributes refers to phonemes and allophones and their attributes Supra-
FUNCTIONS OF INTONATION
English Linguistics: An Introduction
Intonation in Communication Skill: Recent Research Discourse, both in theoretical linguistics and in foreign language pedagogy,has focused on describing.
1 English Pronunciation for Communication Intonation in Communication WANG GUIZHEN English Faculty Guangdong University of Foreign Studies.
Lipreading: how it works. Learning objectives Recognise the different processes and skills involved in lipreading Revise factors that help or hinder lipreading.
Pitch Ladefoged, p. 23) Pitch refers to the rate of vibration of the vocal cords. The higher the vibration, the higher the pitch. Thus sounds are said.
INTONATION (Chapter 17).
English Pronunciation for Communication
PPT Study Guide Rio Carter. Tone Any sound considered with reference to its quality pitch, strength or source. Quality or Character of sound. Stress of.
Lecture 7 Intonation 2 Lec. Maha Alwasidi.
Levels of Linguistic Analysis
Intonation Lecture 11.
LINGUA INGLESE 1 modulo A/B Introduction to English Linguistics prof. Hugo Bowles Lesson 17 Intonation.
Suprasegmental Properties of Speech Robert A. Prosek, Ph.D. CSD 301 Robert A. Prosek, Ph.D. CSD 301.
EXPRESS YOURSELF. NEUTRAL ACCENT Neutral accent is a way of speaking a language without regionalism. Accent means variation in pronunciation and it should.
INTONATION Islam M. Abu Khater.
Speech in the DHH Classroom A new perspective. Speech in the DHH Bilingual Classroom Important to look beyond the traditional view of speech Think of.
Stringing words together.  Connected speech is spoken language that is used in a continuous sequence, as in normal conversations. Also called connected.
The Meaning and Function of the English Intonation Systems Ken-ichi Kadooka Ryukoku University Kyoto, Japan.
English Intonation (introductory lecture)
Functions of Intonation By Cristina Koch. Intonation “Intonation is the melody or music of a language. It refers to the way the voice rises and falls.
Definition of syllable One or more letters representing a unit ofletters spoken language consisting of a single uninterrupted sound.language A syllable.
English Pronunciation
INTONATION And IT’S FUNCTIONS
The Functions of Intonation
INTONATION Margarita Vinagre Department of English Studies UAM.
The Functions of Intonation Shane Lee Ward. THE GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION OF INTONATION 0 Can mark “grammatical contrasts, such as chunking into clauses and.
INTONATION: WHAT IS IT GOOD FOR? CHRISTOPHER KEARNS THE NEW SCHOOL.
INTONATION Margarita Vinagre Department of English Studies UAM.
Lecture Overview Prosodic features (suprasegmentals)
English Intonation (introductory lecture)
Prosody and Non- Verbal Communication
4AOD Malinnikova Ekaterina
Sentence stress and intro to intonation
SUPRASEGMENTAL PHONEME
Phonetics SPAU 3343 Chap. 10 – Grasping the melody of language
Intonation and Speaking Styles
Functions of intonation 1
Kuiper and Allan Chapter 6.2
English Phonetics and Phonology Week 8
Kuiper and Allan Chapter 6.2
Levels of Linguistic Analysis
Intonation.
Presentation transcript:

INTONATION Chapters 15 & 16

Suprasegmental phonology Stress : applied to units larger than phonemes (segmental phonology), i.e. syllables Intonation : pitch of voice plays an important part; it is constantly changing during speech; analysing intonation refers to listening to the speaker´s pitch and recognising what it is doing

Pitch Defined in terms of high and low (arbitrary choices for end-points of the pitch scale) Auditory sensation experienced by the hearer We are not interested in all aspects of a speaker´s pitch, but in those that carry some linguistic information Speakers have control over their own pitch of voice, and the possibility of choice (this may have linguistic significance)

Fundamental frequency of voiced sounds (should not be called “pitch”) The rate of vibration of the vocal folds, physically measureable and related to speaker´s activity The distinction must be made between the two As long as the distinction is made it is of minor importance if we informally use the same term (“pitch”) for both

Necessary conditions for pitch differences to be linguistically relevant Being under speaker´s control Pitch differences must be perceptible (great enough to be heard by a listener as differences in pitch) Significance in linguistics lies in contrasts (a set of items a unit contrasts with)

Form and function of intonation In the shortest piece of speech – single syllable A continuous piece of speech beginning and ending with a pause – utterance One syllable utterances like “yes” and “no” Even in one syllable words we can either remain at a constant pitch level or change it

Tone Is the term used for the overall behaviour of the pitch It can be level or moving The latter are more common Level tone does not sound natural When saying yes or no in a final manner, falling tone is usually used For questioning manner rising tone is used (now we are already talking about function)

Tone and tone languages Tone is marked before the syllable: level _yes falling yes rising yes In this way we can also mark the high tone level and low tone level The case for some other languages is different: In these the tone can determine on the meaning of the word in question, in Croatian as well

Speech may be divided into tone units. Each tone unit is composed of: A tonic syllable (obligatory) Optional elements which precede the tonic syllable (pre-head, head) Optional elements which follow the tonic syllable (tail)

In synthesis: (pre-head) (head) tonic syllable (tail)

Complex tones and pitch height Each of these may express particular attitudes: Fall: neutral statement Rise: neutral question, doubt Fall-Rise: scepticism Rise-Fall: emphatic statement Level: boredom, disinterest In ordinary speech intonation tends to take place within the lower part of the speaker´s pitch range. Only with strong feelings we use extra pitch height.

Fall: neutral statement, conclusion E.g. Have you seen Ann? Yes. (Falling intonation indicates ‘I have answered your question and do not intend to add anything else’)

Rise: questioning, doubt, desire to continue conversation E.g. Have you seen Ann lately? Yes… (Rising intonation indicates ‘I want to continue the conversation, I am curious’)

Rise-Fall: emphatic statement, irritation, command Do I really have to clean my room? Yes!

Fall-Rise: surprise, scepticism Ann and Peter were on good terms at the party? Yes!

Level: boredom, lack of interest Can you remember Peter Jackson, the cost consultant for our company in Taiwan? The other day in the office I invited him for dinner, he’ll be coming tomorrow. Yes.

We shall begin by considering the fall: here is a tone unit solely composed of a tonic syllable

Things become more complicated when we add syllables

In this case there are no stressed syllables before the tonic: ‘I said’ is the pre-head

Here we have added a stressed syllable, ‘told’, before the tonic, which is called the head. Notice how the intonation rises from the pre-head

Here we have added syllables after the tonic, this is called the tail Here we have added syllables after the tonic, this is called the tail. Note how it tends to follow the intonation pattern of the tonic.

This is obviously not the only possible realisation of this sentence This is obviously not the only possible realisation of this sentence. If we put the main stress on ‘told’, it changes the pattern completely

In a similar way a rising tonic syllable will condition its tail: here ‘when’ is the tonic syllable

Again when we come to complex tone we find the tail following the tonic syllable: for a fall-rise the fall occurs on the tonic and the rise at the end of the tail

No matter how many syllables there are in the tail, the rise finishes on the last

While diagrams are immediate and clear, a more practical system of symbols has been developed to denote innotation

Stressed syllables in the head are noted with a vertical tick I want to ´go to the ´dentist´s.

Stressed syllables in the tail are noted with a dot I want to ´go to the ´dentists to.morrow .morning

A vertical bar divides tone units I want to ´go to the ´dentists to.morrow .morning Ive got a terrible toothache

Thank you very much for your attention!!!