South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University Planning Sustainable Cities with ZOFNASS/ENVISION From Research to Practice Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis Harvard University

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University CONTENTS 1.THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE: Planning and Infrastructure 2.DCK CITY, KARACHI: An Application of ZOFNASS/ENVISION

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE Project and City Scale Planning 1

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University The concentration of intense economic processes and high levels of resource consumption mark the urban condition. Cities are therefore centers of ecological modification associated with development. This makes them crucial environmental components. INTRODUCTION | Sustainable cities and the role of master planning

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University INTRODUCTION | Sustainable cities and the role of master planning Sustainability and Cities Master planning should be an integrated and iterative process going beyond design: It is a manifestation of a business plan It is engineering It is management business planengineeringmanagement The master plan is “art” to the extend that it is order replacing chaos.

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University INTRODUCTION | Sustainable cities and the role of master planning Sustainability and Cities Karachi it is one of the world’s fastest growing metropolises and at the same time is enlisted as the 135 th worse city in terms of quality of life Pakistan ranks 124 out of 144 countries in terms of economy competitiveness (source: World Economic Forum) Livability (source: Economist.com Rankings, August 2012)

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE The Zofnass Program for Sustainable Infrastructure was established in 2008 at Harvard’s Graduate School of Design. Source: ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE It develops know-how, tools and methodologies for planning and evaluating urban infrastructure. It focuses on the integration of sustainable infrastructure and urban planning. Source: ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University Project Scale Zofnass Rating System Buildings Multiple tools available eg. LEED Infrastructure City scale Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE Implementation of Sustainability Principles Zofnass Program

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE Zofnass Approach The program’s approach focuses on 5 categories of impact: RESOURCE ALLOCATION QUALITY OF LIFE NATURAL WORLD LEADERSHIP CLIMATE & RISK -Wind -Solar -Biomass -Other -Potable Water Distribution -Capture &Storage -Water Reuse -Storm water Management -Flood Control -Other -Solid Waste -Recycling -Hazardous Waste -Collection and Transfer -Other -Roads -Highways -Biker/ Pedestrian -Railways -Public Transit -Other -Public Realm -Parks -Ecosystem -Services -Other -Telecom. -Internet/Phone -Satellites -Data Centers -Sensors -Other -Eco-Agriculture -Food Distribution -Imported food -Self sufficient small farms -Indigenous Fruit Nurseries -Other And 7 infrastructure systems:

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE The Methodology of Envision Envision™ Envision rates infrastructure projects using 55 criteria grouped in 5 categories:

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE The Purpose of Envision Envision™ is the product of a joint collaboration between the Zofnass Program for Sustainable Infrastructure at the Harvard University Graduate School of Design and the Institute for Sustainable Infrastructure. The purpose of Envision™ is to help users determine the extent to which their proposed infrastructure design truly contributes to conditions of sustainability. Envision™

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University Envision covers the physical components of infrastructure that make up the built environment. Provides a holistic framework for evaluating and rating the community, environmental, and economic benefits of all types and sizes of infrastructure projects. Evaluates, grades, and gives recognition to infrastructure projects that use transformational, collaborative approaches to assess the sustainability indicators over the course of the project's life cycle. THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE The Envision Rating System for project scale “Are we doing the project right?” “Are we doing the right project?” Envision™

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE The tools A broad set of tools has been developed to control our framework on sustainable infrastructure and cities : An Implemented Rating System is both an assessment tool for sustainable infrastructure projects and a template for planning, designing and constructing sustainable projects. Envision™ Project scale Envision™ Checklist is an educational tool that helps users become familiar with the sustainability aspects of infrastructure project design.

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE Infrastructure Planning Framework: Organizational Levels Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines Example of organizational levels: LEVEL 1 TRIP GENERATION LEVEL 2 TRANSPORTATION MODES LEVEL 3 NETWORKS LEVEL 4 NODES ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY SUPPLY SOURCES TRANSMISSION/ DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS GENERATION WATER CONSUPTION WATER SUPPLY SOURCES TRANSFER AND DISTRIBUTION TREATMENT TRANSPORTATIONENERGYWATER DEMAND ANALYSIS STRATEGIC DECISIONS ORGANIZATION AND PLANNING OF ENTITIES INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE Infrastructure Planning Framework: Objectives and Guidelines LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 4 objective guideline OBJECTIVES GUIDELINES For each organizational level strategic objectives of planning are determined The objectives are then analyzed into one or more planning guidelines Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines DEMAND ANALYSIS STRATEGIC DECISIONS ORGANIZATION AND PLANNING OF ENTITIES INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM action ACTIONS

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University THE ZOFNASS PROGRAM FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE Infrastructure Planning Framework Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines Guidelines that form connections with other infrastructure systems are marked as synergies. Synergies TO other systems include guidelines that can improve or facilitate the function of other systems. Synergies FROM other systems reflect the reverse. Refer to guidelines in other infrastructure categories that help the one analyzed. Synergies usually refer to: Reducing the initial demand of other systems, challenges for their operation Connecting by-products and feedstock needs Optimizing placement of entities Combining entities Mitigating negative impacts of processes

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University DCK CITY, KARACHI An Application of ZOFNASS/ENVISION 3

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision Towards a Sustainable Development A new city presented an opportunity for change: DCK City the 1 st sustainable city in Pakistan At a distance of 50 km from Karachi, the new city for 600,000 inhabitants and total area of development over 11,640 acres is aimed to be a landmark urban development. PLANNING: Prof. S.N.Pollalis, chief planner M/S Osmani and Company RMJM Doxiadis Associates

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision Project Vision The design process was organized around strategic goals for the development. Planning, Design & Implementation of world class 24/7 transportation & utilities infrastructure. Emphasis on water & energy security for the city The safest city in Pakistan with specific features incorporated through planning & information technology interventions High quality facilities for work, education, healthcare, shopping, recreation & community activities throughout the city Provision of a beautiful natural living environment contributing to the highest quality of life in Pakistan Most resource efficient development of Pakistan integrating Renewable Energy systems, energy saving, recycling and reuse etc Quality Infrastructure Safety & Security Proximity Environment Efficiency & Sustainability

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University Intense Topography Lucky Cement Factory Prevailing Wind DirectionEcological Zones Climate DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision Sustainable Planning Consideration of context and site characteristics Application of Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines RidgeNullahs

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University New Development Implementation QUALITY OF LIFE NATURAL WORLD CLIMATE AND RISK RESOURCE ALLOCATION LEADERSHI P DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision Sustainable Planning Consideration of context and site characteristics Application of Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision Application of Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines The Zofnass planning guidelines were used from the first steps of DCK design process and the necessary infrastructure provisions were made. Planning included the 7 infrastructure systems: landscape, energy, water, solid waste, transportation, information and food, to address sustainability issues in the scale of both the city and the neighborhood. Integrated infrastructure systems are key for a high sustainability performance. As a result, customized actions to DCK’s needs, potentials and goals were chosen for implementation during planning, construction and operation phases. SUSTAINABLE OBJECTIVES & GUIDELINES PROPOSED ACTIONS Customized actions for DCK

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University solar parks wind farm biomass energy park DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision Application of Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines Exploitation of varied mix of energy sources Reduction of dependence on imported energy sources Energy saving implemented in all sectors and especially in buildings and transportation Multiple renewable energy sources like solar, wind and biomass are used Main objective: Security of supply and service without failures, efficiency Indicative Actions: DCK’s energy strategy aims to achieve 30% of the total required energy from renewable energy sources (i.e., 10% wind power + 5% solar power + 10% biomass + 5% waste to energy power) CBD & GATEWAY DEMAND 26% SECTORS DEMAND 74%

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision Application of Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines Water recycling will be used to cover irrigation and other needs Exploitation of on-site resources Reduction of distances between supply and consumption Main objective: Security of local supply. Protection of local resources. Indicative Actions: Development of decentralized treatment systems Storm water management provided through: new reservoirs, the protection and preservation of nullahs and the creation of protection zones around them

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University 1km radius 5km radius DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision Application of Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines Plan and provide space for urban agricultural plan, communal gardens and allotments Fields within DCK: 305 acres Within 5 km radius: 12,410 acres Create and implement a land registry banning any land use change on prime farmland Avoid intensification of agricultural production to avoid soil degradation Development of inclusive Greenhouses and Indigenous Fruit Nurseries Main objective: Provide food security and promote urban agriculture Indicative Actions: Locate and equally distribute food retail facilities across the city

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision Application of Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines Provisions are made for safe transfer and disposal On site facilities are provided for recycling Separate collection at source makes system more cost effective A new controlled landfill is provided for final disposal Recycling is organized through proximities (930 Points of Mixed Recyclable Waste Collection & 104 Points of Separate Collection) 150m 350m 550m plastic paper glass organic textiles Electric/ electronic devices Printer cartridges/ batteries Areas - Points of Separate Waste Collection Points Sectors Community Centers : (C4/C5) Gateway District: (Medical City / Outlet Mall/ Theme Park) Ridge: (Golf court resort/ Theme Park / Sport Facilities) CBD: (Business District/ CBD Art& Culture District/ Market/ Mixed Use/ Educational City) Main objective: Solid Waste treated like a valuable resource. Minimize environmental and health impacts of disposal Indicative Actions:

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University PRINCIPAL ARTERIALS SECONDARY ARTERIALS COLLECTORS HIGHWAY LOCAL ROADS VEHICLE ACCESS TO CBD DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision Application of Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines Public transit options include tram and bus lines Pedestrian and bicycle routes promote a healthy living Provide adequate coverage/ length for all modes implemented Combine nodes of different networks / create hubs A clear road hierarchy and parking spaces mitigate congestion and reduce noise pollution Main objective: Connectivity, quick access and reduced greenhouse emissions Indicative Actions: Proximities to tram stations Road Hierarchies

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision Application of Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines Creation of barriers, buffers and filters to control contaminants Integration of streams and reservoirs to offer natural drainage Creation of barriers and buffers to control noise and light pollution Incorporation of recreation activities in green areas Protection areas providing food and water resources Main objective: Protect the natural environment, maximize the benefits offered by landscape entities Indicative Actions : Classification of areas based on principal function HABITAT SINKSOURCE FILTER CONDUIT BARRIER BUFFER

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University Central Offices (COs) Information pavilions in C5 & C4 centers DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision Application of Zofnass Sustainable Planning Guidelines Definition of optimum spatial distribution of information communication points Optimum data capture locations and methods Synergy with other infrastructure to optimize, control and protect their processes Network of displays and sensors placed in public spaces, indoors or outdoors Information pavilion spaces, strategically located in C4s and C5s (serving as: modern libraries, information centers & outlets for IT services, exhibition spaces, etc) Main objective: Serve the city in a sustainable way and enhance sustainability of all other infrastructure systems Indicative Actions: Security services

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision DCK CITY under construction Priority Phases

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University DCK CITY, KARACHI |An Application of Zofnass/Envision DCK CITY under construction Priority Phases Construction Phases

South Asian City Conference | Constructing the Right to the City, Karachi, 11 January 2014Prof. Spiro N. Pollalis, Harvard University Cities offer great opportunities for change The large concentration of population and processes makes cities, centers of consumption that will always depend on hinterlands for resources. Envision: Zofnass: