The Immune Response. The Third Line of Defense The third line of defense involves a specific response that is effective against specific pathogens. This.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Immune System.
Advertisements

10b. Know the role of antibodies in the body’s response to infection.
The Defence System Chapter 38.
Biology 224 Human Anatomy and Physiology II Week 5; Lecture 1; Monday Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Immune and other Defense Systems.
Immunity Chapter 40 Section 2. Lymphatic System.
Immune System.
10.2 The Immune Response Some macrophages float throughout the body…other stay in a fixed location The fixed macrophages are present in the spleen, lymph.
Immune System JEOPARDY
The 3rd line of defense (Adaptive or acquired immunity)
First line of defense (non-specific barriers) : physical and chemical barriers that prevent pathogens from entering (skin, mucus, acids in the stomach,
35.2 Defenses against Infection
3rd Line – Immune Response B – Body’s response to viruses/bacteria.
The Body’s Lines of Defence!
Ch 35 The Immune System (parrot bk)
The Immune System Lymphatic system Defence system Immune system disorders.
Specific Cellular Defence.  Range of white blood cells (WBCs) circulate monitoring for damage, pathogens or cancerous cells  In response to damage or.
Characteristics of the Specific Immune Response It recognizes and targets “specific” pathogens or foreign substances. It has a “memory,” the capacity to.
Chapter 13 Your Body Systems Lesson 6 Your Immune System.
Defenses Against Infection Human Immune System. KEY CONCEPT The immune system has many responses to pathogens and foreign cells.
35.2 Defenses Against Infection
Third Line of Defence Aims: Must be able to state the substances involved in the third line of immunity. Should be able to describe the production and.
Ms. Kelly 8 th Grade Health.  The body's defense against germs and other invaders  Made up of special cells, proteins, tissues, and organs.
Cell mediated response What the B-cells miss or are not programmed to deal with T-cells are able to handle. Usually 1.
Immunology.
Sheila L. Jett, NBCT Montevallo Middle School The Immune System.
Immune System Chapter 40-2.
Aim: How does our immune system protect against antigens of pathogenic organisms? HW 22 Read Ch 40 pages 1028 – 1048 Pg 1034 vocabulary Pg 1050 Thinking.
PP  lymphatic system  spleen  lymphocytes 1. B-cells: wbc that mature in bone marrow 2. T-cells: wbc that mature in thymus.
Immune System.  The immune system defends against threats in our environment  Two types of immunity  Innate  which you are born with  Acquired.
Blood and the Immune System The Body’s Lines of Defence.
The immune response White Blood cell types. Myeloid stem cells Lymphoid cells Pluripotent stem cells (in bone marrow) Monocyte Mast cells Basophils Neutrophils.
Immune System. v=Non4MkYQpYA.
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE BIO11 This lesson meets the following DoE Specific Curriculum Outcomes for Biology 11:
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM What happens when we get sick? Why do we get better?
Chapter 38 The Human Defence System. A pathogen is an organism that causes disease. The general defence system: non specific acts against all pathogens.
T-LYMPHOCYTE 1 Lecture 8 Dr. Zahoor. Objectives T-cell Function – Cells mediated immunity Type of T-cells 1. Cytotoxic T-cell – CD8 (Killer T-cell) 2.
* * 0 The Maintenance of Balance by the Immune System Also Known As… Why the aliens died at the end of War of the Worlds and we didn’t.
Immune System The body’s defense system. Three Level Approach to Problem Level I - Non-Specific Defense: Prevent entry Skin Mucous Membrane Secretions.
Chapter 31 review. 31.1: Pathogens and human illness Germs cause many diseases in humans. There are different types of pathogens. Pathogens can enter.
The Role of Membrane Proteins in… IMMUNITY. What is an antigen? An ANTIGEN is anything that stimulates the production of antibodies by the immune system.
Bacteria and Virus.
Immune System is made up of cells, tissue and organs that work together to protect the body. These cells are white blood cells or leukocytes. Two types.
BELL WORK How often do you get sick? When you do get sick is it bad? Explain your answers.
Let’s get DEFENSIVE. Triggering a response Antigen: Any substance capable of triggering an immune response. Can be a bacterium or a virus. Can be tissues.
Immune System.
HIV & the Immune System. The Immune System Is like a screen in a window….it keeps the bugs out. The body’s defense against illness. It keeps the body.
The Immune System THE Body’s Defense Systems. Nonspecific Defenses First Line of Defense Skin Antimicrobial proteins Mucous membranes Cilia Gastric juice.
Immune System Phagocytes Killer T-cells Macrophages
The Cells of the Immune System
Mr. E Murphy. Objectives Defence Systems General Defence System Specific Defence System Lymphocytes.
The Immune System Learning objective Describe the role of the T cells (T lymphocytes) in cell-mediated immunity Describe the role of B cells (B lymphocytes)
35.2 Defenses Against Infection
THE BODY’S DEFENSES AGAINST INFECTION. THE BODY’S DEFENSES YOUR FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE- YOUR SKIN AND FLUIDS FORMS A BARRIER BETWEEN YOU AND PATHOGENS.
Aim: How does our body defend us from pathogens?.
HOW THE IMMUNE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS. Your Mission Describe how our Immune system works at a grade school level using super heroes. For example: Antigen= Joker…he’s.
Lymphatic System (pg 338) Vessels that transport lymph through low pressure contractions and valves  Lymph= plasma like fluid that carries important chemical.
Human Immune System honours
35.2 Defenses Against Infection
Immune System: The Body’s Defense
The Immune System.
BELL WORK Write about the last time you were sick. How did you feel and what happened?
H Human Immune System [E.S.]
Chapter 35- Infectious Diseases
Your body system’s defense system in Action
Immune System Immunity:
The Human Immune System
H Human Immune System [E.S.]
H Human Immune System [E.S.]
Immune System Biology 20.
Presentation transcript:

The Immune Response

The Third Line of Defense The third line of defense involves a specific response that is effective against specific pathogens. This involves a specialized group of white blood cells called lymphocytes, which produce antibodies. Antibodies are protein molecules that protect the body from invaders.

The Third Line of Defense (cont’d) All cells have special markers located on their cell membranes, which are known as antigens (antibody generator). Normally, the immune system does not react to the body’s own markers. However, intruding cells or foreign proteins activate the production of antibodies.

The Third Line of Defense (cont’d) There are two different types of lymphocytes found in the immune system. The first is the T cell, which is produced in the bone marrow and is stored in a tiny organ called the thymus gland. The T cell’s function is to seek out the intruder and signal the attack. Acting much like a sentry, some T cells identify the invader by its antigen markers.

The Third Line of Defense (cont’d) Once the antigen is identified, another T cell passes this information on to the antibody producing B cell. B cells multiply and produce chemical weapons: the antibodies. Each B cell produces a single type of antibody.

Antigen-Antibody Reactions Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins that are produced to target specific foreign invaders. Antibodies are specific; this means that an antibody produced against the influenza virus is not effective against HIV. Each antibody has a shape that is complementary to its specific antigen.

Antigen-Antibody Reactions (cont’d) There are many different antigen markers on the membrane of a virus or bacterium. The attachment of antibodies to the antigens increases the size of the complex, making the antigen-antibody combination more conspicuous and, therefore, more easily engulfed and destroyed by macrophages.

Immune Response Step 1: Pathogen enters body.

Immune Response (cont’d) Step 2: Macrophages engulf pathogen and pushes the antigen markers to its outer membrane.

Immune Response (cont’d) Step 3: A helper T-cell identifies the antigen present on the cell membrane of the macrophage.

Immune Response (cont’d) Step 4: Helper T cells alert the B cells, which multiply and begin to produce antibodies.

Immune Response (cont’d) Step 5: Antibodies attach to the antigens.

Immune Response (cont’d) Step 6: Antibodies immobilize and tag invaders for macrophages to destroy.

Immune Response (cont’d) Step 7: Helper T cells also send out chemicals to stimulate killer T cells. Killer T cells puncture the cell membranes of intruders. If killer T cells find a viral coat attached to a cell membrane, the T cell attacks the infected cells.

Immune Response (cont’d) Step 8: During the immune response, memory B cells and memory T cells are created. These cells contain a blueprint of the invader’s antigen. This will allow the immune system to react faster the next time that particular antigen enters the body.

Immune Response (cont’d) Step 9: A suppressor T cell ends the battle by signaling the immune system to return to its pre-infection state.

Immune Response Step 1: Pathogen enters the body. Step 2: Macrophages engulf pathogen and pushes the antigen markers to its outer membrane. Step 3: A helper T-cell identifies the antigen present on the cell membrane of the macrophage. Step 4: Helper T cells alert the B cells, which multiply and begin to produce antibodies. Step 5: Antibodies attach to the antigens. Step 6: Antibodies immobilize and tag invaders for macrophages to destroy. Step 7: Helper T cells also send out chemicals to stimulate killer T cells. Step 8: During the immune response, memory B cells and memory T cells are created. Step 9: A suppressor T cell ends the battle by signaling the immune system to return to its pre-infection state.

Components of the Immune Response