ICAO Multi-pilot Licence Extracts from a presentation given by Richard McFarlane, ICAO FCLTP Chair

Historical Applications Origins Cardboard Mock-up Procedural Training e.g. pre-flight checks Still used today Cambridge Cockpit World War II Sir Frederick Bartlett Research Other Applications Link Trainer Niche market in history 20 hrs IFR time

Historical Applications Low end of market  PC Based Flight Sims Virtual airlines CBT  Procedural Trainers Frasca 141 IFR Time  Adv. Tng. Devices HPT F242 with visuals Dual Controls Multi-crew cockpit

Historical Applications High end of market  Fixed Base Simulators Coupled with CBT Initial type rating 4-10 x 4 hr sessions  Full Flight Simulators x 4 hr sessions Up to ZFT i.e. AKL to CGK first time with full pax load

Safety We can practise profiles in a simulator environment that we would not be prepared to do in the aircraft. Efficiency We can use simulators 24 hrs a day, 7 days a week when a/c availability and wx considerations would prevent us from using the a/c Economy Simulators are generally cheaper and cheaper to run than a/c

Historical Applications Summary Simulation and simulator based training have been an important part of the aviation industry for many years now. Have proven to be a most effective and efficient means of transferring critical flight task methodology from one pilot to another as well as a safe and reliable platform for the practise of flight skills. We now rely on them.

Catalysts for Change  Prediction that we will be unable to produce the number of pilots needed to service the transport industry using current methods  Airline observations that graduates from training organisations are not meeting their needs  Cockpit task evolution from an emphasis on stick and rudder skills to management principles  Regulatory recognition that our ‘apprenticeship’ model hadn’t moved on in 50 years Global Pilot Shortages and Cockpit Task Changes

Catalysts for Change cont’d Simulator Capabilities  Zero Flight Time Simulators at the top end of the market  Affordable motion for major training organisations  Advanced Procedural Trainers for all training organisations  Microsoft Flight Sim or similar in everyone's lounge room

Catalysts for Change cont’d Research  Differentiation between task fidelity and instructional fidelity  Development of ‘Horses for Courses’ trainers  Demonstrated transfer of learning  Task analyses and needs analyses on the changed roles of pilots in the modern cockpit

The FCLTP Proposals General  Proposal for a multi-crew pilot licence (MPL)  Proposed development of a PANS-TRG document  Development of additional guidance material  Input to the ANC’s action on the ‘Age 60 Rule’  Approval of training organisations

The FCLTP Proposals cont’d General cont’d  Proposal for the establishment of airship and powered- lift aircraft categories  Proposed new structure of Pilot licences  A comprehensive review and updating of all existing flight crew licensing and training requirements  Proposed new system for the award of training credits

The Proposals cont’d Specific – The Multicrew Pilot Licence MPL

CATEGORY Category Specific Standards:  Experience  Flight instruction PILOT LICENCE Privileges Pilot Licence Standards:  Age  Medical  Knowledge  Skill GLIDER CPLATPL INSTRUCTOR RATING Aeroplane Helicopter Airship Powered- lift FREE BALLOON PPL Airship Powered- lift Helicopter Aeroplane Helicopter Aeroplane Helicopter Powered- lift MPL Aeroplane I/R Powered-lift Airship

MPL Training Scheme Minimum 240 hours of training including PF and PNF CBT E-learning Part Task Trainer Classroom Advanced Type Rating training within an airline orientated environment CRM Landing training All WX scenarios LOFT Abnormal procedures Normal procedures Aeroplane: Turbine Multi-engine Multi-crew certified FSTD Type IV 12 take-offs and landings as PF(*) PF/ PNF FSTD Type IV PF/ PNF Intermediate Application of multi-crew operations in a high performance multi-engine turbine aeroplane CRM LOFT Abnormal procedures Normal procedures Multi-crew Instrument flight FSTD Type III PF/ PNF Basic Introduction of multi-crew operations and instrument flight CRM PF/PNF complement IFR Cross-country Upset recovery Night flight Instrument flight Aeroplane: Single or multi- engine FSTD Type II PF/ PNF Core Flying Skills Specific basic single pilot training CRM VFR Cross-country Solo flight Basic instrument flight Principles of flight Cockpit procedures Aeroplane: Single or multi- engine FSTD Type I PF Phase of TrainingTraining Items Flight and simulated flight training media - Minimum level requirement Ground Training Media Integrated TEM principles

The Proposals cont’d Specific – Flight Simulation Training Device (FSTD)  2.1.6The use of a FSTD for acquiring the experience or performing any manoeuvre required for the demonstration of skill for the issue of a licence or rating shall be approved by the Licensing Authority, which shall ensure that the FSTD used is appropriate to the task  A Contracting State shall not permit a person to carry out instruction on an FSTD required for the issue of a licence or rating unless such a person holds or has held an appropriate licence or has appropriate flight training and experience and has received proper authorisation from such Contracting State.

The Proposals cont’d FSTD Type 1  E-Training and part tasking devices approved by the Licensing Authority that have the following characteristics: Involve accessories beyond those normally associated with desktop computers, such as functional replicas of a throttle quadrant, a sidestick controller, or an FMS keypad; and Involve psychomotor activity with appropriate application of force and timing of responses.

The Proposals cont’d FSTD Type 2  A flight simulation training device that represents a generic turbine powered aeroplane. This requirement can be met by a flight simulation training device equipped with a daylight visual system and otherwise meeting at a minimum the specifications equivalent to FAA FTD Level 5, or JAA FNPT II, MCC.

The Proposals cont’d FSTD Type 3  A flight simulation training device that represents a multi-engine turbine powered aeroplane certificated for a crew of two pilots with enhanced daylight visual system and equipped with an autopilot. This requirement can be met by a flight simulation training device equipped with a daylight visual system and otherwise meeting at a minimum the specifications for a Level B simulator as defined in JAR STD 1A, as amended; and in FAA AC B. (Some previously evaluated Level A Full flight simulators that have been approved for training and checking required manoeuvres may be used.)

The Proposals cont’d FSTD Type 4  Fully equivalent to a Level D Flight Simulator or to a Level C Flight Simulator with an enhanced daylight visual system. Specifications for Level C and Level D simulator are defined in JAR STD 1A, as amended; and in FAA AC B, as amended, including Alternate Means of Compliance (AMOC), as permitted in AC B.

The proposals cont’d Training Credits Appendix 2 3. Training Programmes 3.1 A Licensing Authority may approve a training programme for a private pilot licence, commercial pilot licence or instrument rating that allows an alternative means of compliance with the experience requirements established by Annex 1, provided that the approved training organization demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Licensing Authority that the training provides a level of competency at least equal to the minimum experience requirements for personnel not receiving such approved training.

FCLTP Proposals cont’d Which means………….. NAAs may approve Any course of training Proposed by a certificated flight training organisation That meets an equivalent competency standard For licensing purposes Competency is the NEW WAY Experience is the OLD WAY