Lesson Plans Novice Level, World Language Requirements PASS Objectives: 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.2.1, 2.2.3, 5.2.1, 5.2.4,

Un Poco de México Mexico (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is in North America The capitol is La Ciudad de México or México, Distrito Federal (D.F.) Money is called pesos. Languages in Mexico include: Spanish, Zapoteca, Mixteca, Nahuatl, and other Mayan dialects. (Natives)

Un Poco del Cinco de Mayo Cinco de Mayo means fifth of May in English. Many people confuse it with Mexican Independence Day, which is September 15 th. The celebration of Cinco de Mayo began in California when some university students decided that the U.S. needed more Chicano holidays. This was in Cinco de Mayo is celebrated more in the United States than it is in Mexico. The holiday commemorates the Battle of Puebla on May 5 th, 1862, where 4,500 Mexican soldiers fought some other Mexican fighters and the French army of 6,500 men. This battle took place in Puebla, which is about 100 miles east of Mexico City. The soldiers that won were not trained soldiers. They were made up of regular people who believed in what they were fighting for. Even though this battle didn ’ t win the war, “ the ‘ Batalla de Puebla ’ became a symbol of Mexican unity and patriotism ”. This war was actually caused by debt that Mexico got into during the war with the United States after their independence from Spain in The U.S. was given Texas to pay part of the debt. In 1861, Benito Juarez put some laws into effect which is actually how Mexico got into debt in the first place. They owed to the United States, Spain, and France. Where the U.S. and Spain took care of business and left, France decided to stick around with the hopes of building Napolean ’ s Empire. The Battle of Puebla was commanded by General Ignacio Zaragosa. However, France did manage to get control of Puebla later, but Mexican resistance and assistance from the U.S. was what made the French leave. The Battle of Puebla is very important to the United States, because Napoleon was busy taking care of business with the Mexicans instead of supplying the Confederate army in the U.S. during the Civil War. In the mean time, the Union built an army that later defeated the Confederates at Gettysburg, ending the Civil War. During the Civil War, Union forces assisted the Mexicans at the border by making sure that they got ammunition between the border of Mexico and the U.S., as well as encouragement for Union soldiers to help the Mexican army fight the French. So … if the Battle of Puebla had not been won by the Mexicans, the French would have continued to aide the Confederate army, which may have changed the outcome of the Civil War. Also, the celebration of Cinco de Mayo helps Chicanos celebrate their culture and history in the U.S. Oh … and something else that is pretty cool … General Zaragoza was born in Texas … but it was when Texas was still part of Mexico. For more info:

Un Poco de Español ¡Hola! ¿Cómo estás? Estoy bien, gracias. Buenos días. Buenos tardes. Buenas noches. ¿Qué hora es? Gracias. De nada. ¡Feliz Cumpleaños! Tenga un buen día. ¡Hasta luego! ¡Adiós! Hello! How are you? I am fine, thank you. Good morning. Good afternoon. Good night. What time is it? Thank you. You’re welcome. Happy Birthday! Have a nice day. See you later! Bye!

Un Poco de los Colores To the tune of Frere Jacque: Red is rojo, Green is verde, Blue azul, Negro black Yellow amarillo Purple is morado Café brown, Gray is gris.

Un Poco de los Numeros Sing to the tune of: One Little Two Little Three Little Indians.

Las Meses y Los Días Las Meses del Año Días de la Semana lunes (Monday) martes miércoles jueves viernes sábado domingo Mi día favorito es en domingo Porque lo paso contigo. Months of the Year Days of the Week Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday My favorite day is Sunday Because I pass it with you. enero febrero marzo abril mayo junio julio agosto septiembre octubre noviembre deciembre January February March April May June July August September October November December Español Para Principiantes

¡Cantamos! De la sierra morena Cielito lindo Vienen bajando Un par de ojitos negros Cielito lindo De contrabando. Coro ¡Ay! ¡Ay! Canta y no llores Porque cantando Se alegran Cielito lindo Los corazones Ese lunar que tienen Cielito lindo Junto a la boca No se lo des a nadie Cielito lindo ¡Qué a mí me boca! Coro Cielito Lindo Pavarotti and Iglesias: For Cambodia and Tibet

¡Bailamos! La Raspa con la Sra. Rosa Maria Set One: 1. First Count--Jump up in place and put your right foot forward with toes pointing out. 2. Second Count--Jump up in place again, putting left foot forward. 3. Third Count--Jump up in place again, putting right foot forward. 4. Fourth Count--Stay put, don't move! 5. Repeat until chorus begins. Set Two: 1. The pairs of children link right elbows and skip around each other. this lasts for eight counts. 2. Now reverse for eight counts. 3. Continue until the chorus ends and then repeat La Raspa steps in set one. (Lakeshore Materials, 1993)

¡Comemos! Bueñellos Flour Tortillas Cinnamon Sugar Vegetable Oil Cut or tear tortillas in pieces. Let oil heat in a skillet. Carefully put pieces of tortilla in oil, turning them occasionally until they are light and crispy. Remove the tortilla chips from oil and place them in a bowl lined with paper towels to drain. Sprinkle with cinnamon and sugar. Mexican Chocolate 2 squares unsweetened chocolate 1/2 tsp vanilla 1 tsp ground cinnamon 4 Tbsp heavy cream 2 cups milk 2 egg yolks 2 Tbsp sugar In a saucepan, stir chocolate, vanilla, cinnamon, and cream together over LOW! heat, stirring constantly until chocolate melts. Slowly add the two cups of milk, while stirring. Mix well. Let warm over low heat -- DON'T LET IT BOIL! Beat egg yolks and sugar until foamy. Slowly pour about 1/4 of the chocolate mixture into the egg mixture, stirring constantly (the eggs need to heat slowly). Pour the egg/chocolate mixture back into the saucepan. Beat until mixture is frothy. Can use cinnamon sticks to stir. (For today, we will use Abuela’s Hot Chocolate)

El Ojo de Dios Materials: 2 popsicle sticks Yarn (three colors) Scissors Glue Glue two popsicle sticks in a cross. Let dry. Begin in the middle and wrap yarn around each arm until a nice band of color is formed. Snip yard and tie on the next color. Continue wrapping yarn until another band of color is formed. Snip the second color and tie on the third color of yarn. Proceed to wrap third color until the band is complete, then tie off. You may choose to make and add tassels, if you like. The " Ojo de Dios" or God's Eye is an ancient symbol made by the Huichol Indians of Mexico. In Mexico, The central eye was made when a child was born. Each year, a bit of yarn was added until the child turned five at which point the Ojo was complete.

Un Poco de la Piñata The piñata is a fun game that is often found at parties. However, it is not just a fun game. It has a lot of special meanings. Originally, piñatas were clay vases shaped like pineapples (pignatta in Italian is “fragile pot”, and piña is Spanish for “pineapple”). The paper design for the piñata may have originally come from China. Europeans had “Piñata Sunday” for the first day of Lent. In Spain, the first day of Lent became a fiesta called “Dance of the Piñata”. They used a clay pot called la olla (la oya), which they eventually decorated. When Spanish missionaries came to North America in the 16 th c., they used piñatas to attract converts. However, the natives already had a similar tradition using a clay pot on a pole to celebrate their war god. The Mayans used their form of piñata as a game, in which they dangled the pot from a string. The Spanish started adapting the tradition to teach their own beliefs. One of the meanings of the piñata is a mask of Satan, with seven points representing the seven deadly sins (pecados). The piñata also represented fe (faith) which must be blind (blindfold), esperanza (hope) which is when the stick, representing virtue is hit toward el cielo (the sky or heaven) and people would await the reward of the treat. This was an example of good overcoming evil and rewards gained through faith. The piñata also symbolized caridad (charity), because everyone was blessed through that faith with the treats within. The beauty and treats of the piñata represent how Satan tempts and very deceiving. The piñata is filled with candy and fruits. Colaciónes are bags filled with special candy for children who did not get much from the breaking of the piñata. The piñata can often be found at Las Posadas (a tradition at Christmas time) and represents the star of Bethlehem. travel/wdevlin/wdpinatahistory.html Direcciónes ¡Más arriba! More upwards! ¡Abajo! Lower! ¡Enfrente! In front! In the United States, piñatas are popular for birthdays and other special occasions.

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