Objectives: Agenda: Do Now, Fascism notes, ?, CH. 28 Quiz Do Now: You are the leader of a country that is facing debt and unemployment (Germany?). --Explain how you will win the hearts of the people and turn them to listen to your ideas and follow your lead. --How will you expand territory? How will you boost the economy? What is your motivation to do so?

Totalitarianism: 20 th Century Phenomenon Definition: complete control over a population (socially, economically, politically) by a government through the use of – Centralization – Mass media – Fear – Terror Examples: Communist USSR, Nazi Germany, current North Korea

Fascism and Militarism 1920s- 1940s Benito MussoliniAdolf HitlerTojo Hideki ItalyGermanyJapan

Fascism’s Ideology Extreme Nationalism-pride in ethnic heritage and everything traditional (history, culture, food, art, etc.) Total control of all aspects of society – Social-media/press, schools, religion, secret police – Economic- use of command economy (run by the gov’t not supply and demand) State is supreme over individual rights Glorifies war Large and Impressive spectacle to awe audiences – Parades, rallies, flags, symbols, salutes, night-time rallies

How did Fascist dictators come into power? Promising to alleviate the Great Depression Hitler’s Nazi party was elected in a democratic process Restore the nation’s honor – For Germany= smash Treaty of Versailles – Used scapegoats to justify their beliefs and actions; typical targets were minorities (Jews), communists, and democracies

Italy Problems Angry because they got no land from WWI Not as industrialized Other Europeans were more powerful Leaders/Group s Benito Mussolini took over in 1922 Fascist political party Brown Shirts Solutions Fascist Dictatorship; Anti-Communist Acts of Aggression Invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 Germany Angry about Treaty of Versailles Lost land Reparations Blame Limits on military Adolf Hitler SS (paramilitary organization), Gestapo (secret police) Hitler Youth Fascist Dictatorship Militarism Imperialism Put troops on their border with France Took over Austria Took over Czechoslovakia Japan Angry that, after helping the Allies in WWI, they didn’t get land US oil embargo Feared their power would decline if they couldn’t get raw materials Emperor Hirohito Tojo Hideki (military general) Military Dictatorship; Militarization and Imperialism Invasion of Manchuria in 1931 led to Asian Co. Prosperity Sphere

WWII Begins in Asia Ultra nationalists said the only way to fix the economic Depression was imperialist expansion. Japanese hated the racist policies of westernized nations toward them. The military soon controlled the gov’t with support from the Emperor and began a quest of expansion as a source of wealth and power to satisfy its “destiny” to dominate Asia. Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931 and took over more in the 2 nd Sino-Japanese War in This resulted in the creation of the Asian Co Prosperity Sphere, which was really a way for Japan to repress the people they conquered and get raw materials.