They include the following: Arteries of lower limb They include the following: Femoral, popliteal, obturator, gluteal, tibials and their branches

Gluteal Region Superior gluteal artery Inferior gluteal artery They are branches of the internal iliac artery They supply the gluteal region Obturator artery is abranch of the internal iliac artery It passes through obturator foramen It supplies the medal side of the upper thigh

Femoral Artery It is the contiuation of the external iliac artery at the mid inguinal point It descends in the femoral triangle Then, it continues in the adductor canal It reaches the adductor hiatus where it becomes the popliteal artery It supplies all structures in the thigh

Femoral Artery Superficial circumflex iliac artery In the femoral triangle, it gives the following branches: Superficial circumflex iliac artery Superficial epigastric artery External pudendal artery Deep artery of the thigh Muscular branches

Deep Artery of the Thigh It is the main artery of the thigh It gives the following branches Medial circumflex femoral artery Lateral circumflex femoral artery which gives a descending branch Perforating arteries

Trochanteric anastomosis Site: in trochanteric fossa Formed by: Branch of sup gluteal art. Inf gluteal art. Ascending branch of med circumflex artery. Importance: a supply of head of femur.

The cruciate anastomosis is a circulatory anastomosis in the upper thigh of the inferior gluteal artery, the lateral and medial circumflex femoral arteries, and the first perforating artery of the profunda femoris artery

The route of blood is through the internal iliac, to the inferior gluteal artery, to a perforating branch of the deep femoral artery, to the lateral circumflex femoral artery, then to its descending branch into the superior lateral genicular artery and thus into the popliteal artery.

Popliteal Artery It is the continuation of the femoral artery at the adductor hiatus It runs through the popliteal fossa It ends at the lower border of the popliteus muscle by dividing into its terminal branches It gives the following branches: Medial superior genicular artery Lateral superior genicular artery Medial inferior genicular artery Lateral inferior genicular artery Middle genicular artery

Popliteal Artery At the lower end of the popliteus muscle, it divides into: Anterior tibial artery Posterior tibial artery which gives the peroneal artery

Anastomosis around the Knee Joint Is made by the following branches: Descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral Descending genicular of femoral Anterior tibial recurrent Five branches of popliteal artery

Anterior Tibial Artery It is one of the two terminal branches of the popliteal artery It supplies all structures in the anterior compartment of the leg and perforating branches to lateral compartment It ends at the midpoint between the malleoli It continues as Drorsalis Pedis Artery It gives anterior medial and lateral malleolar branches

Posterior Tibial Artery It is one of the two terminal branches of the popliteal artery It supplies all structures in the posterior and lateral compartment of the leg It runs behind and inferior to medial malleolus It then divides into Medial and Lateral plantar branches It gives the following branches: Peroneal artery which gives lateral malleolar and calcaneal branches

Dorsalis Pedis Artery It is the direct continuation of the anterior tibial artery at the midpoint between the malleoli It gives the following branches: Lateral tarsal Medial tarsal Arcuate 1st dorsal metatarsal Deep plantar

Plantar Arteries The posterior tibial artery divides into: Lateral plantar Medial plantar artery which gives the first plantar metatarsal artery Deep plantar arch is formed by the deep plantar branch of dorsalis pedis artery and lateral plantar artery

Surface Anatomy Femoral Profunda Popliteal Posterior tibial Peroneal Medial plantar Lateral plantar Anterior tibial Dorsalis pedis

Veins

Arterial pulse

Anastomosis in the Lower Limb Anastomosis between different arterial branches To ensure blood circulation in the case of occlusion in any artery Cruciate anastomosis Geniculate anastomosis Plantar anastomosis