Events Leading to the Civil War
Between 1800 and 1850, what region developed an industrial economy based on manufacturing? The North
Which region favored high protective tariffs? The NorthThe North
Define protective tariffs. Taxes on imports which are so high that Americans cannot afford to buy foreign goods
What was the basis of the South’s economy? Agriculture (Farming) Plantations that used slave labor
Did the South support or oppose high tariffs? OpposedOpposed
Why did the South oppose high tariffs? Made manufactured goods more expensiveMade manufactured goods more expensive
As the U.S. expanded westward, what conflict threatened to tear the country apart? SlaverySlavery
Define abolitionists. People who wanted to abolish (end) slavery immediatelyPeople who wanted to abolish (end) slavery immediately
Who was one of the most important abolitionist leaders? William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison
What was the name of the antislavery newspaper in Boston? The Liberator
Who published The Liberator? William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison
Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin? Harriet Beecher StoweHarriet Beecher Stowe
Describe Uncle Tom’s Cabin. An antislavery novel Told the cruelties of slavery
Uncle How did Uncle Tom’s Cabin affect the North? Made Northern abolitionists mad Caused many more Northerners to support the Abolitionist movement
How did the Abolitionist movement affect Southerners? Frightened them
What kind of rebellions did Southerners fear? Slave Rebellions
Who was Gabriel Prosser?
African-American slave Planned a slave revolt in Richmond, Va. Revolt crushed by Va. militia Prosser and 35 slaves were executed
Who was Nat Turner?
An African-American slave Led a slave revolt in Southampton County, Va. Killed 55 whites 100+ blacks were killed Turner was captured and executed
What were two effects of Nat Turner’s Rebellion? Increased Southern fears of Slave Rebellions Southern states passed stricter slave codes
Who proposed the Missouri Compromise? Henry Clay
What were the 3 parts of the Missouri Compromise?
Missouri became a slave state Maine became a free state Louisiana Territory was divided at the 36 degree, 30 minute parallel; north of the line must be free territory; south of the line could be slave territory
How many U.S. senators does each state have? Two
What balance did the Missouri Compromise maintain? Balance of power in Senate between the North and the SouthBalance of power in Senate between the North and the South
Who proposed the Compromise of 1850? Henry ClayHenry Clay
Who have historians called the “Great Compromiser”? Henry Clay
What were the key points of the Compromise of 1850?
California became a free state Stronger fugitive slave law Abolished the slave trade, but not slavery itself, in the District of Columbia Created the Utah and New Mexico territories; decide slavery by popular sovereignty
What did the new Fugitive Slave Act do?
Made it easier for slave catchers to capture and return runaway slavesMade it easier for slave catchers to capture and return runaway slaves Required escaped slaves to be forcibly returned to their owners in the SouthRequired escaped slaves to be forcibly returned to their owners in the South
Who hated the Fugitive Slave Act? NorthernersNortherners
What was popular sovereignty? The people of a territory would decide whether they wanted slavery
Who proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act? Stephen Douglas, Democrat (Illinois)Stephen Douglas, Democrat (Illinois)
What is a bill? A proposed lawA proposed law
What is an act? A Law
Identify the Kansas- Nebraska Act.
Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska Said popular sovereignty would decide slavery in both Kansas and Nebraska Since both Kansas and Nebraska were north of the Missouri Compromise line, the Kansas- Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise
What effect did the Kansas- Nebraska Act have on the Missouri Compromise? The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise.
What broke out in the Kansas Territory? Civil war between pro- slavery and anti-slavery settlers
What adjective was used to describe Kansas in the mid-1850s? Bleeding Kansas
What political party was formed in opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Act? The Republican Party
What were the two major results of the Kansas-Nebraska Act? Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas Republican PartyRepublican Party
What was the Supreme Court’s decision in the Dred Scott case?
Since Dred Scott was a slave, he could not sue in federal court African-Americans were not citizens of the United States Since Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in the territories, the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional
What did the Dred Scott decision say about the Missouri Compromise? The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.
What power did the Supreme Court use in Dred Scott v. Sandford? The power of judicial review
In Dred Scott v. Sandford did the Supreme Court rule that Scott should remain a slave or gain his freedom? Remain a slave
Which section liked the Dred Scott decision, the North or the South? The South
Which group(s) liked the Dred Scott decision? Abolitionists? Republicans? Slaves? Slaveholders?
Slaveholders
Who ran for the U.S. Senate against Stephen Douglas in 1858? Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln
In the Lincoln-Douglas debates who supported popular sovereignty? Stephen Douglas
In the Lincoln-Douglas debates who said, “A house divided against itself cannot stand”? Abraham Lincoln
In the Lincoln-Douglas debates who said the U.S. could not continue half-free and half-slave? Abraham Lincoln
Who won the 1858 Senate election in Illinois? Stephen Douglas
In the 1850s what was the North increasingly against? The Spread of Slavery to the West
By the end of the 1850s, what did Southerners argue states could do? States could nullify laws passed by Congress States could secede from the Union
What did it mean for a state to nullify a law? Void it Do Away with it
What did it mean for a state to secede? Leave the UnionLeave the Union
Who gave the “House Divided” speech in the 1858 Illinois Senate election campaign? Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln