1st General Lyceum of Zakynthos Cerebrum and cognitive functions Antonia Vertzagia Edited by Sonia Theodoritsi and Christo Gousia

CEREBRUM The brain: The most complicated and biggest part of the nervous system The main brain is responsible for the higher spiritual functions, the perception, the control of movements and the senses Composed of neurons which pass messages Divided in the cerebral hemispheres, the brain system and the cerebellum

FRONTAL LOBE Basic centers of movements  Basic centers of movements  Left hemisphere: level languages (pension, grammar, vocabulary)  Right hemisphere: non verbal sides of talk (sense of humor, implicit, voice tone, feelings) PARIETAL LOBE  Responsible mainly for analysis of: information extracted from General Senses (temperature, pain, pressure, touch) TEMPORAL LOBE  Responsible for : 1.hearing 2.perception of complex images 3.speech understanding (left hemisphere) 4.behavior responsible for motivations and feelings OCCIPITAL LOBE  Main function: 1.elaboration 2.conclusion VISUAL stimulus 3.interpretation of VISUAL stimulus STRUCTURAL LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION

CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES (right & left) the most important part of the brain  Contain helicons and furrows  Connected with the corpus callosum  Each hemisphere is separated in lobes  Is consisted outside of a layer of grey matter and inside there is white matter  Cortex (grey matter) is responsible for the conscious functions

 Helicons :  Helicons : elevations that “cover” the outer surface of the cortex of brain  Furrows :  Furrows : small water-courses that separate the helicons  Slots : lobes  Slots : the deepest furrows that separate big areas of the brain, like lobes helicons slots furrows CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES (right & left) the most important part of the brain

Basal ganglia connected with the brain cortex, the thalamus and the brain stem motor control cognitive processes emotions, learning Hippocampus The oldest phylogenetic part of the cortex Separated in five mattresses of neurons The cerebral hemispheres consist of three structures : Amygdala Located in each hemisphere coordinate the memory

FUNCTIONAL BRAIN AREAS MOTOR AREAS:  Located in the frontal lobe  Motion control of the skeletal muscles  back side of the frontal lobe SENSORY AREAS:  There end up the nerve messages from the sensory neurons  Creation of senses and feelings  front area of the parietal lobe  Vision center  back side of the occipital lobe  Auditory center  back side of the temporal lobe  Taste, smell and balance centers AREAS LINKED TO THE ASSOSIATIVE MEMORY:  50% of the brain cortex  Related to higher spiritual functions  memory, feelings, justification, judgment, expression