Digestive system: obtains nutrients cells need to survive, grow, and function Ingestion Propulsion = movement Muscle tissue Digestion = breakdown of ingested materials Mechanical Chemical w/ enzymes Absorption = transport of nutrients from digestive tract into circulation Elimination = pooping (defecation)

Figure 26.1 Digestive Tract (primary organs)

Figure 26.3

Figure 26.3

Figure 26.3

Figure 26.4

Figure 26.12

Figure 26.12

Figure 26.4

Figure 26.14

Anterior view Stomach Duodenum Ascending colon Jejunum Mesentery Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Stomach Duodenum Ascending colon Jejunum Mesentery Ileocecal junction Ileum Cecum Appendix Anterior view

Figure 26.7

Figure 26.8

Figure 26.16

Figure 26.16

Figure 26.16

Figure 26.9

Figure 26.15

Figure 26.10

Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis Serosa Blood vessels Myenteric plexus Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Blood vessels Myenteric plexus Enteric plexus Submucosal plexus Nerve Gland in submucosa Mesentery Ducts from glands Lymphatic nodule Intestinal gland Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis Serosa (mucous membrane) Circular muscle layer (serous membrane; visceral peritoneum) Epithelium Lamina propria Longitudinal muscle layer Connective tissue layer Muscularis mucosae Peritoneum

Villi Blood capillary network Lacteal Microvilli Epithelial cell Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Villi Blood capillary network Lacteal Microvilli Epithelial cell Epithelium Intestinal gland Capillary (blood) Villus Duodenal gland (b) Lacteal (lymph) Top of circular fold Microvilli of epithelial cell surface Epithelial cell (d) 20,000x (c)

Figure 26.15

Figure 26.16

Figure 26.18

Figure 26.20

Figure 26.21

Figure 26.21

Left and right hepatic ducts Common hepatic duct 1 Cystic duct 2 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Liver Gallbladder Left and right hepatic ducts Common hepatic duct 1 Spleen Cystic duct Hepatic portal vein 2 Common bile duct Accessory pancreatic duct 5 Minor duodenal papilla 4 Pancreatic duct 3 Major duodenal papilla Pancreas Hepatopancreatic ampulla Duodenum (cutaway view) Anterior view

Fundus Body Cardiac region Pyloric sphincter Pyloric part Esophagus Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fundus Esophagus Location of lower esophageal sphincter Body Gastroesophageal opening Serosa Cardiac region Longitudinal muscle layer Pylorus Circular muscle layer Muscularis Lesser curvature Oblique muscle layer Pyloric sphincter Submucosa Pyloric orifice Mucosa Pyloric part Pyloric canal Pyloric antrum Greater curvature Duodenum Rugae (a)

Common bile duct from liver Duodenum Minor duodenal papilla Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Common bile duct from liver Duodenum Minor duodenal papilla Major duodenal papilla Jejunum Pancreatic ducts Head of pancreas Circular folds Epithelium Submucosa Circular muscle Longitudinal muscle Serosa (a)

Transverse colon Ascending Descending colon colon Cecum Sigmoid colon Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Transverse colon Left colic flexure (splenic flexure) Right colic flexure (hepatic flexure) Ascending colon Descending colon Haustra Ileum Teniae coli Ileocecal valve Epiploic appendages Cecum Vermiform appendix Sigmoid colon Rectum Internal anal sphincter Anal canal External anal sphincter (a) Anterior view (b) Anterior view

Right lobe Left lobe Quadrate lobe Right lobe Left lobe Caudate lobe Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Inferior vena cava Right lobe Left lobe Falciform ligament Liver Round ligament Gallbladder (a) Anterior view Gallbladder Quadrate lobe Hepatic duct Right lobe Hepatic portal vein Porta Hepatic artery Caudate lobe Left lobe Lesser omentum Bare area Coronary ligament Inferior vena cava (b) Inferior view Falciform ligament Coronary ligament Left lobe Right lobe Bare area Hepatic veins Coronary ligament Esophagus Inferior vena cava (c) Superior view

Figure 26.5

Figure 26.6

Figure 26.6

s.l. s.m.