1. The Digestive System and Body Metabolism14
The Digestive System and Body Metabolism

2. 5. Small Intestine … c. Physiology-Functions
Chemical Digestion
Absorption
i) Chemical digestion
Source of enzymes:
*Intestinal cells of microvilli (brush border): what nutrients digested?
- *Pancreas– enzymes for nutrients: which ones?
*Nutrients– broken down into: what subunits? (Fig. 14.3, or review Ch2 Biochemicals)
- *Carbohydrates 
- *Proteins 
- *Fats 
- Nucleic Acids 

3. ii) Emulsification of lipids with Bile:
*Produced by: organ?
*Stored in: organ?
Bile components: Bile Salts, Pigments (from RBCs), Cholesterol, Phospholipids, …
Bile is deposited in: organ?
Function:
iii) Absorption of Nutrients
Subunits first absorbed by:
Then most nutrients move into:
- Fat components move into:

4. Bile duct and sphincter Accessory pancreatic duct
Right and left
hepatic ducts
from liver
Cystic duct
Common hepatic duct
Bile duct and sphincter
Accessory pancreatic duct
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Jejunum
Duodenal
papilla
Hepatopancreatic
ampulla and sphincter
Main pancreatic duct and sphincter
Duodenum
Figure 14.6

5. a. ANATOMY 6. Large Intestine Diameter & Length: ? Location: ?
No villi present
Goblet cells produce mucus for:
b. *Subdivisions: List
Colon
Ascending, Transverse, & Descending
Appendix
Cecum
Sigmoid

6. Large Intestine Anatomy …
i) Appendix
*Structure & Shape: ?
lymphatic tissue
*Medical Problem: ?
ii) Colon
*Parts: list
Function
iii) Rectum & Anus—inferior opening

7. B. Accessory Digestive Organs
*Teeth: overall function
2. Salivary Glands
a. Major Saliva composition:
Mucus and serous fluids
*b. Enzyme:
Functions

8. Bile duct and sphincter Accessory pancreatic duct
Right and left
hepatic ducts
from liver
Cystic duct
Common hepatic duct
Bile duct and sphincter
Accessory pancreatic duct
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Jejunum
Duodenal
papilla
Hepatopancreatic
ampulla and sphincter
Main pancreatic duct and sphincter
Duodenum
Figure 14.6

9. 2. Pancreas
*Location, Digestive Function: produces?, Organ that receives products: see small intestine
*Endocrine Function– two hormones: what are they ?
Duodenum
Pancreas

10. 3. Liver
Liver
a. *Location:, Digestive Function: produces what? See Small Intestine
c. Other Functions
*Produces plasma proteins which are put in blood plasma: which ones?
Produces Cholesterol
Produces Steroid Hormones
Produces Urea from the break down of Amino Acids
4. Gall Bladder
a. Shape/Structure: Sac under liver w/ duct
b. *Function: ?
c. Bile released when:
Pancreas
Gallbladder

11. Diaphragm Falciform ligament Liver Spleen Gallbladder Stomach
Greater omentum
Small intestine
Large intestine
Cecum
(a)
Figure 14.5a

12. III. Functions of the Digestive System-- Summarization
Peristalsis
A. Ingestion: Where and How?
Swallowing
Propulsion
Peristalsis
Segmentation
B. Mechanical digestion-
Where and How?
Mouth
Teeth
Tongue
Stomach

13. Functions of the Digestive System …
C. Chemical digestion- Where and What?
*Mouth: what nutrient
Stomach: what nutrient
Small Intestine: what nutrients
D. Absorption- Where and What?
*Small Intestine: what nutrients
*Large Intestine: what nutrients
E. *Defecation =
By Rectum & Anus
END