Global change impact on ecosystems Reinhart Ceulemans and Ivan Nijs University of Antwerp, Department of Biology (UA-PLECO)

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

What is an ecosystem? Chapter 5 Lesson 1.

Advertisements

The Effects of Climate Change on Biological Diversity

Trees and Climate Change. Global Warming the recent increase of the mean temperatures in the earth’s atmosphere and oceans which is predominantly caused.

Biomass & soil quality Patricia Bruneau (SNH) with contribution from Willie Towers (MLURI) Soils in Scotland / Soil quality Biomass production impacts.

Causes of Unbalanced Ecosystems

Impacts of Climate Change on Western Forests Dr. Mark Johnston Saskatchewan Research Council and Prairie Adaptation Research Collaborative.

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Ecosystems (from IPCC WG-2, Chapters 4,9-16) Ecosystems Primary Source: IPCC WG-2 Chapter 4 - Ecosystems, their.

Changing Nature of Rural Landscapes and Communities John Williams NSW Commissioner for Natural Resources.

Modelling regional impacts of trends and policies on EU and global level: Integrating agriculture, land use, environmental and socio- economic aspects.

A stocks and flows approach An Integrated Assessment Framework for Considering Climate Change: 1. the principal domains Society and Economy Greenhouse.

The Tropical Rain Forest How can such productive forests grow on soils of extremely low fertility? Why is biological diversity so high in the tropics?

Ecosystem processes and heterogeneity Landscape Ecology.

Ecology What is the difference between biology and ecology?What is the difference between biology and ecology? –Biology – the scientific study of living.

LOW-CARBON LAND USE Peter Harper. GLOBAL IMPACT OF HUMAN LAND USE Human-appropriated net primary production (HANPP) about 25% of biosphere Knock-on effects.

Global Environmental Issues

HUMANS IN THE BIOSPHERE. A Changing Landscape  Growing populations depend on the limited natural resources of earth for survival.  Humans rely on ecological.

Summary of Breakout Session 1.2 GEO Societal Benefit Areas (Chair: Antonio Bombelli) Coordinator of the GEO Task CL-02 “Global Carbon Observations and.

GLOBAL, REGIONAL, AND INTERNATIONAL HEATH CONCERNS.

Effects of Land Cover Change on local and regional climate Ann Thijs Physical Climatology December 1, 2005 Tropical deforestation, Borneo.

Climate change and the carbon cycle David Schimel National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder Colorado.

Human Impact on the environment. 2 RESOURCES  RESOURCE- something used to take care of a need  TYPES: 1. Non Renewable- can’t be replenished; available.

Ecosystem ecology studies the flow of energy and materials through organisms and the physical environment as an integrated system. a population reproduction.

Science themes: 1.Improved understanding of the carbon cycle. 2.Constraints and feedbacks imposed by water. 3.Nutrient cycling and coupling with carbon.

The study of the interactions among organisms and their environment. Ecologists are scientists who study these relationships. Two groups of environmental.

Humans in the Biosphere. A Changing Landscape * Human activities change the flow of energy in an ecosystem and can reduce the ability of ecosystems to.

Earth’s Changing Environment Lecture 13 Global Warming.

Nelius Foley, Matteo Sottocornola, Paul Leahy, Valerie Rondeau, Ger Kiely Hydrology, Micrometeorology and Climate Change University College Cork, IrelandEnvironmental.

Scientific Plan for LBA2 Changing the principle… LBA1 – structure by disciplines LBA2 – structure by issues –Foster integrative science and avoid the dicotomy.

The impacts of land mosaics and human activity on ecosystem productivity Jeanette Eckert.

Draft Report Breakout Session III-5 Ecosystem Consequences of Climate Change Ecosystem Impacts & Feedbacks Effects on Biodiversity, Invasions, Protected.

 Biota- all of the living parts of the biosphere  Hydrosphere- all of the water in its various forms in the biosphere  Atmosphere- the air surround.

Climate and Terrestrial Biodiversity Chapter What Factors Influence Climate?  Concept 7-1 An area's climate is determined mostly by solar radiation,

Biodiversity and the distribution of life on planet earth.

Land Usage.  Land use is the human use of land. Land use involves the management and modification of natural environment or wilderness into built environment.

TOPIC 7 – ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING INTERACTIONS IN ECOSYSTEMS.

Sub-global Assessments: Synthesis and Case Studies (Portugal) June 2004 Tiago Domingos.

Introduction to Biomes. The Rule of Climatic Similarity Similar environments lead to the evolution of organisms similar in form and function and to similar.

Humans in the Biosphere Chapter 6 Mrs. Yanac. Limited Resources All organisms on Earth must share the planet’s resources and they are LIMITED. Humans.

Physical Effects of Climate Change. Effects of Climate Change in the Atmosphere  Heat Waves  Drought  Wildfires  Storms  Floods

Ch 3 Ecosystems: What They Are and How Do They Work?

Scientific Plan Introduction –History of LBA Background –Definition of Amazon –7 Themes with achievements Motivation for Phase II –Unresolved questions.

Humans in the Biosphere (Chapter 6) Please set up your notebook for Cornell Notes.

Ecology: Human Impacts David Mellor, PhD Citizen Science Coordinator Virginia Master Naturalists.

1 4.1 What Is an Ecosystem? I. Ecosystems A. _____________ 1. a group of various _______ that live in the same ______ & ________ with one another B. ___________.

CLIMATE CHANGE and BIODIVERSITY CHAPTER 7. What is climate change? Climate change is usually defined as the “average weather” in a place. It includes.

2017 EEA report “Climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction in Europe - Synergies for the knowledge base and policies” Rob Swart, Koen Kramer,

Introduction to Ecology Presentation created by Ms. Graban.

Unit Terms: Population growth Habitat alteration Invasive species Pollution Overharvesting Biosphere Biodiversity Biomes Ecosystem Genetic variation Alternative.

Ecology The study of interactions between organisms and the environment (biotic and abiotic factors)

Example 1: Biodiversity Weather Stations/Automated Long-Term Monitoring: Technologies like DNA-barcoding of environmental samples, visual and acoustic.

The greenhouse effect and pollution

Humans and the Environment

1.1, 1.2 Global Interactions (Part 1) – Interactions in the Biosphere

Day 6: Invasive Species.

Environmental impacts that effect ecosystem stability and biodiversity

Environmental changes that impact ecosystem stability

Environmental changes that impact ecosystem stability

Biodiversity Chapter 5 Jeopardy!

How does a species become invasive?

Earth/ Environmental Science

Ch 52: Intro to Ecology and the Biosphere

Health Impact due to Climate Change.

Interactions in Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Climate Change

Climate and Terrestrial Biodiversity

Keystone Species A species on which in an ecosystem largely depend upon, such that if it were removed, the ecosystem would change drastically. Ex) Beavers-

Presentation transcript:

Global change impact on ecosystems Reinhart Ceulemans and Ivan Nijs University of Antwerp, Department of Biology (UA-PLECO)

Impact on ‘structure, function and distribution of ecosystems’ (productivity, control measures, C sequestration) Impact on ‘water and hydrology’ (hydrological basins, flow, sensitive fen ecosystems) Impact on ‘biodiversity’ (extinction, control measures) Interactions ‘ecosystems - CO 2 and other GHG’ (terrestrial sink, land use, soil acidification) ‘What drives ecosystem changes ?’ (one or more factors, social ‘drivers’)

C-stocks in terrestrial ecosystems and soil (F. Veroustraete, VITO and B. Van Wesemael, UCL) StocksPer unit area (ton C / ha) Totals Belgium (kton C) Forest biomass94.453,800 Humus in forests61.535,000 Soil, 0-30 cm58 (10-190)144,000 Soil, cm98 (18-986)241,000

Fluxes of C - terrestral ecosystems and soil (F. Veroustraete, VITO and B. Van Wesemael, UCL) FluxesPer unit area (ton C / ha / year) Total Belgium (kton C / year) NEP all vegetation 4.814,600 NEP forest accretion 5.02,800 Forest felling2.11,200 Soil via management ?

Terrestrial ecosystems = carbon sink? Net ecosystem-productivity (NEP) Belgium: 14,500 kton C per year (1997) (C-Fix model, VITO)

Total amount of C in soil is much larger than in wood and forests Geographical link between carbon stock in the soil and vegetation productivity Agricultural zones: low soil carbon Source: (Lettens et al., 2004)

Evolution of C-sequestration (L. François, ULg) Carbon sequestration will increase under global change conditions, but in function of: (i) age; (ii) changing weather conditions; (iii) forest management.

Plant and animal species disppear today by approximately 1,000 x the natural speed of extinction climate change pollution overhunting and overfishing habitat-destruction biological invasions landscape fragmentation eutrophication

Population viability analysis (E. Le Boulangé, UCL) Lienne vallei, Lierneux

current situation Model: predicts population size of vulnerable species under different scenarios of change + grazing + warmer climate

CARAIB model (Ulg, L. François)

Agricultural area: 50% grassland Grassland species adapted to a moderate climate aprmayjunjulaugsep +-+- Growth response to a warmer climate

“Change is seldom driven by a single factor” (H. Geist, UCL) CO 2 concentration: higher Air temperature: higher Climate: more extreme Biodiversity: lower Invasive exotics: more Habitat fragmentation: stronger … interaction?

Exotic invasive plants