T HE R OLE OF PM&R IN M ANAGED C ARE U N D E R S T A N D I N G PM&R
Understanding the Role of PM&R: Controlling Healthcare Costs, Improving Quality
MCO Challenges Growing elderly population Higher trauma survival rates Cost of disabling /chronic illnesses 70% of healthcare expenditures Older, sicker populations joining managed care plans
What is PM&R? Restore or maximize function Integrates elements of: orthopedics/musculoskeletal care neurology rheumatology “Quality of Life” specialty
What Conditions Do PM&R Physicians Treat? Acute and chronic conditions Musculoskeletal conditions Severe disabilities
Conditions Low back pain Sports-related injury Birth defect Trauma recovery Spinal cord injury
Conditions Brain injury Stroke Amputation Cancer Multiple sclerosis
Conditions Neck pain Arthritis Tendonitis Work-related injury Repetitive stress injury
Education & Training Must understand all major body systems and their impact on function 4 years graduate medical education 4 years postdoctoral PM&R residency Subspecialty training
Advanced Diagnosis and Treatment Electrodiagnosis skills: EMG, nerve conduction studies Treatment modalities: therapeutic exercise heat and cold electrotherapies manual medicine biofeedback prescription medication injection techniques
Specialty Facts AAPM&R founded in 1938 5,600 members - 9 in 10 practicing PM&R physicians in the U.S. Board certification available Supply not likely to exceed demand through 2015
The PM&R Approach Whole care Case management Prevention Nonsurgical treatment Team orientation Goal-directed care
Ideal Rehabilitation Process Begins immediately in acute care Continues through various levels of care Restores function and quality of life
Cost-Effective PM&R Minimizes resource consumption Utilizes continuum of care Achieves durable outcomes Maximizes function and independence
Cost-Effective PM&R (cont’d) Case management Nonsurgical approach to treatment Interdisciplinary team leader Measurable goals
Outcomes - Injured Workers NWNL study - Rehab saves $35 for every $1 spent UC-Davis wellness program saves 55.8% in direct workers’ comp costs
Low Back Pain (LBP) - Statistics 60% - 90% prevalence Most frequent cause of disability for people under 45 Estimated annual cost to society $20 - $50 billion Second most common reason for primary care visit
Low Back Pain: A case study 35-year-old male; out of work for 18 months Symptoms: constant pain, deconditioned, depressed, overweight Previous treatment: physical therapy, ultrasound, hot packs, massage, OTC pain medication
LBP: PM&R approach Comprehensive clinical exam Assessment of patient lifestyle, occupational risks Potential for future complications Goal setting
LBP: PM&R treatment plan Pain and sleep medication Physical therapy program Patient counseling and education Measure progress
LBP: Results Pain relief Return to work in 33 days Patient practicing self-management, prevention techniques
PM&R Success in Treating LBP Back Pain Survey in New York magazine Patients report greater relief from LBP when treated by PM&R physicians
Stroke - Statistics Leading cause of disability among the elderly 3 million Americans have stroke- related disability Estimated annual cost to society $30 billion Recovery typically involves multiple care settings
Stroke Rehabilitation: A case study 78-year-old female with diabetes Left side weakness and numbness Patient discharged to home Given medication to prevent recurrence of thrombosis One week later, patient falls; readmitted for knee injury
Stroke Rehab: PM&R approach Interdisciplinary team care Patient assessment Focus on continuity of care Patient and family involvement
Stroke Rehab: PM&R assessment Patient’s living environment somewhat isolated; frequent stair-climbing required Diabetes contributes to numbness in feet Patient has residual weakness from stroke Patient’s fear of falling limits activity
Stroke Rehab: PM&R goals Restore patient to maximum mobilization Help patient regain functional independence, confidence Prevent more falls
Stroke Rehab: PM&R treatment plan Safety improvements to living environment Short intensive outpatient program with emphasis on stair climbing Daily home exercises to improve circulation
Stroke Rehab: Results Patient’s confidence restored Two years later, continues to live independently with no more falls
What Can PM&R Physicians Offer Your MCO? Case management skills Consultative/administrative services Team orientation Nonsurgical treatment
PM&R Contributions in Managed Care Case Management Kaiser Permanente in Northern CA Coordinate care Valued for their versatility Help other specialists focus on own comparative strengths
PM&R Contributions in Managed Care Administrative Consults Large managed care firm Assess appropriateness of treatment Guide patient through system Maximum medical improvement (MMI) objective
PM&R Contributions in Managed Care Cost-effective Partners Workers’ compensation insurers Best outcomes at lowest cost Return patients to work Focus on education, prevention
PM&R Physicians Adding Quality to Life Match resources to patient needs Maximize patient function, self-sufficiency Balance quality and cost of care Team players — work well with PCPs
“Quality of life has long been the goal of PM&R. We strive to achieve that goal by looking at the multiple problems of patients, minimizing those problems and optimizing function.”