DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS & VANDALISM PRESENTATION BY DR C. E. IFESIE HEAD TRANSMISSION TRANSMISSION COMPANY OF NIGERIA

DEFINITION VANDALISM – destructive action: the malicious and deliberate defacement or destruction of somebody else’s property VANDALS – somebody who damages property: somebody who maliciously and deliberately defaces or destroys somebody else’s property

TRX & DISTRIBUTION INFRASTRUCTURE SUBSTATIONS – POWER/DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS – EARTHING/GROUNDING MAT – FEEDER PILLARS TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION LINES – TOWERS/PYLONS – CONDUCTOR – COUNTERPOISE CABLE – EARTH WIRE – INSULATORS COMMUNICATIONS – OPTICAL GROUND WIRES – REPEATER STATIONS METERS

VANDALISM ( SUBSTATIONS ) Power transformer insulating oil siphoned away whilst in service Silica gel removed from live transformers Distribution transformers stolen Grounding mat cut and removed Feeder pillars stolen Feeder pillar fuses removed

TOWERS/PYLONS CUT AND FELLED CONDUCTOR CUT & STOLEN COUNTERPOISE CABLE CUT & STOLEN EARTH WIRE CUT & STOLEN INSULATORS REMOVED VANDALISM ( LINES )

VANADALISM( COMMUNICATIONS ) OPTICAL GROUND WIRES REPEATER STATIONS

VANDALISM ( AT CUSTOMER’S PREMISES ) METERS ELECTRICITY?

WHY VANDALISM? ECONOMIC – MASSIVE INCREASES IN METAL PRICES EQUIPMENT SOLD FOR CASH? MATERIALS RECYCLED INTO THE SYSTEM? CONDUCTOR SMELTED & SOLD AS INGOTS? CONDUCTOR SMELTED AND FORMED INTO OTHER PRODUCTS? CONDUCTOR REWOUND FOR OTHER APPLICATIONS? EARTHWIRE REWOUND FOR STAYS? TOWER MEMBERS FOR BEDS?, SMELTED?, SCRAP MARKET? MISCHIEF OR GAME? – SHOOTING AT GLASS INSULATORS SABOTAGE? IGNORANCE – BUSH BURNING

STATISTICS NEW HAVEN/OTURKPO/YANDEV 132KV LINE – VADALIZED 36 TIMES BETWEEN FEB’97 & APRIL’05 – COST N111,310,783 TO RESTORE – OUTAGE LASTED FOR A TOTAL OF 152 DAYS – VANDALIZED ON AVERAGE EVERY 2.5 MONTHS – LINE OUT DUE TO VANDALISM FOR 5% OF PERIOD CONSIDERED – FOUR STATES (EBONYI, TARABA,KOGI & BENUE) SUFFERED THE OUTAGE – VANDALISM OCCURRED BETWEEN 2318HRS & 0300HRS SYSTEMWISE BETWEEN 1999 & 2000 COST OF RESTORATION OF VANDALISED TRANSMISSION LINES AMOUNTED TO N562,491, TRX OPERATION & MAINTENANCE EXPENSES IN 2002 – N1,280,528,000

VANDAL ELECTROCUTED IN BAUCHI

IMPACT OF VANDALISM FUNDS WASTED ON REPAIRS RATHER THAN NEW PROJECTS REVENUE LOSS OUTAGES EQUIPMENT DAMAGE SUPPLY INSECURITY ADVERSELY AFFECTS MAINTENANCE POOR SUPPLY RELIABILITY LOSS OF LIVES PROJECT DELAYS DIVERSION OF EFFORT & RESOURCE AWAY FROM CORE BUSINESS INCREASED PROJECT COSTS INDIRECT COSTS – LEGAL – CONSEQUENTIAL – POOR IMAGE – LOSS OF PERISHABLES – LOSS OF BUSINESS

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS – ANTI-VANDAL BOLTS FOR TOWERS – DEPLOYMENT OF TUBULAR PYLONS – BLOCWALL FENCING OF SUBSTATIONS – EMBOSSING/BRANDING OF MATERIALS – USE OF SPECIAL CONDUCTORS – USE OF STEEL EARTHING MATERIALS – POLYMER INSULATORS – HV DISTRIBUTION NETWORK – CONTRACT EPC CONTRACT MATERIALS SOURCED FROM MANUFACTURERS ONLY

ACTIONS IN TIME REGIME OF SUSPECT TRIPS INCREASED PATROL OF TRANSMISSION LINES DEPLOYMENT OF SECURITY AGENTS IN LINE PATROLS COOPERATION & INFORMATION EXCHANGE WITH THE POLICE INCREASED COMMITMENT IN PROSECUTING CULPRITS LEGISLATION ON SECONDARY METAL MARKETS OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS

OTHER PREVENTIVE SCHEMES INVOLVING COMMUNITIES TO SECURE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS DEPLOYMENT OF VIGILANTE GROUPS LIAISONS WITH COMMUNITY HEADS PUBLICATIONS & MEDIA STREET LIGHTING

THE FUTURE OF VANDALISMFUTURE INCREASING COST IN METAL PRICES PRIVATISATION OF UTILITIES NEW MATERIALS ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS INCREASING AUTOMATION – CYBER ATTACKS – MALICIOUS – VIRUS

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