Chinese Dynasties of Unit 2 Unit 2: 600CE CE

Chinese Dynasties Sui Tang Song

Chinese Dynasties From beginning to end… Xia Dynasty 1994 BCE BCE Xia Dynasty 1994 BCE BCE Shang Dynasty 1766 BCE BCE Shang Dynasty 1766 BCE BCE Zhou Dynasty 1122 BCE -256 BCE Zhou Dynasty 1122 BCE -256 BCE Qin Dynasty 221 BCE BCE Qin Dynasty 221 BCE BCE Early Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 9 AD Early Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 9 AD Xin Dynasty 9 AD - 24 AD Xin Dynasty 9 AD - 24 AD Later Han Dynasty 25 AD AD Later Han Dynasty 25 AD AD Three Kingdoms - Period of Disunion 220 AD AD Three Kingdoms - Period of Disunion 220 AD AD Sui Dynasty 589 AD AD Sui Dynasty 589 AD AD Tang Dynasty 618 AD AD Tang Dynasty 618 AD AD Sung Dynasty 969 AD AD Sung Dynasty 969 AD AD Yuan Dyansty 1279 AD AD Yuan Dyansty 1279 AD AD Ming Dynasty 1368 AD AD Ming Dynasty 1368 AD AD Manchu or Qing Dynasty 1644 AD AD Manchu or Qing Dynasty 1644 AD AD

Let’s Sing! Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han Sui, Tang, Song Yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong

Post-Han China Period of the Six Dynasties ( CE) Period of the Six Dynasties ( CE) –Bureaucracy collapsed –Buddhism gained strength, replacing Confucianism –Non-Chinese nomads rule much Chinese territory

Sui Dynasty ( CE) Established by Wendi Established by Wendi –Lowered taxes –Established granaries – stable, cheap food supply

Sui Dynasty ( CE) Yangdi replaced his father, Wendi Yangdi replaced his father, Wendi –Brought scholar-gentry back into the administration –Expensive construction  New capital at Loyang  Canals to link the empire –Failed to conquer Korea and then defeated by Turkic nomads, led to widespread revolts –Assassinated in 618CE

Tang Dynasty ( CE) Li Yuan won control of China Li Yuan won control of China Tang armies extend to Afghanistan, dominating nomads on boarders Tang armies extend to Afghanistan, dominating nomads on boarders –Used Turkic nomads in military, assimilate into Chinese culture –Great Wall is repaired

Tang Dynasty ( CE) Rebuilt Bureaucracy Rebuilt Bureaucracy –Confucian ideology restored –Political authority shared by imperial families and scholar-gentry bureaucrats –Examination System  Training in Confucian classics and Chinese literature  Some commoners could rise to high levels, but still dominated by prominent families

Tang Dynasty ( CE) Religion Religion –Confucians and Daoists opposed Buddhist growth  Open persecution – monasteries destroyed, taxation  Confucianism re-emerged as central Chinese ideology Decline of the Tang Decline of the Tang –Weak leadership –Nomadic frontier peoples and regional governors gain influence –Worsening economic conditions lead to revolts

Song Dynasty ( CE) Taizu reunited China under the Song Taizu reunited China under the Song –Failed to defeat border nomads – sets legacy of weakness Politics Politics –Not as strong politically or militarily as the Tang –Strong support of Confucian values  Neo-Confucianism – emphasis on high morality, hostility to foreign influence, stress on tradition (stifled innovation), authority of men

Song Dynasty ( CE) Decline Decline –Nomads on the borders –Neo-Confucianism weakens the military –Poor leadership –Mongols – eventually invade Song China

Legacies – Tang and Song Grand Canal – under Yangdi (Sui) and other canals continue Grand Canal – under Yangdi (Sui) and other canals continue Commercial Expansion – Silk Road, maritime trade, increased urban centers Commercial Expansion – Silk Road, maritime trade, increased urban centers Agricultural Production – continued to increase Agricultural Production – continued to increase Family – male-dominated households continue and increase with Song (note foot-binding), Neo-Confucianism contributed to deterioration of status of women Family – male-dominated households continue and increase with Song (note foot-binding), Neo-Confucianism contributed to deterioration of status of women Technology – tools, weapons, paper money, compass, paper, printing Technology – tools, weapons, paper money, compass, paper, printing Art – artwork, poetry (Li Bo) – celebrating the natural world Art – artwork, poetry (Li Bo) – celebrating the natural world Bureaucracy was re-established Bureaucracy was re-established

Women vs. Men: Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism Roles of women and men Roles of women and men Foot binding Foot binding Wang Anshi’s reforms of the 11 th Century Wang Anshi’s reforms of the 11 th Century –1085 – Wang dies –Reforms are reversed in Song Dynasty