CHAPTER 14 SECTION 1 THE WAR IN EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA SECTION 1 THE WAR IN EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA

BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC German Wolf Pack Submarines

AREA OF GREATEST DANGER FOR ALLIED MERCHANT SHIPS

THE ROBIN MOOR WAS CLEARLY MARKED AS MERCHANT VESSEL FROM THE USA

CONVOYS INCREASED THE MERCHANT SHIPS CHANCES OF SURVIVING THE OCEAN VOYAGE

GERMANY ATTACKS RUSSIA OPERATION BARBAROSSA Germany’s Three Prong Attack: Moscow, Leningrad & Stalingrad

Germany storms across the Russian countryside Hitler wants to eliminate Slavs, Communists, and Jews

BATTLE OF STALINGRAD

STALINGRAD: A CITY IN RUINS

THE END AT STALINGRAD: GERMAN PRISONERS, ONLY 5,000 OF THE 250,000 CAPTURED RETURNED AFTER THE WAR

American Forces in North Africa and Italy Why was North Africa important? By controlling North Africa, the British could protect shipping on the Mediterranean Sea. They needed the ability to ship oil from the Middle East through the Suez Canal. What was the result of fighting in North Africa? Italy could not drive the British from Egypt. Hitler sent troops under the direction of Erwin Rommel – nicknamed the Desert Fox. After a back-and-forth battle for North Africa, the Allied forces handed the Germans a major defeat at the battle of El Alamein. What happened in Italy? British and American forces invaded Italy in The Italian people forced Mussolini from power, but Hitler rushed into Italy to stop the Allies.

15 GERMAN GENERAL ROMMEL KNOWN AS THE “DESERT FOX” FOR HIS BRILLIANT GENERALSHIP IN NORTH AFRICA

16 BRITISH GENERAL BERNARD MONTGOMERY VICTOR IN THE DESERT WAR IN NORTH AFRICA

The British defeat the Germans at the Battle of El Alamein, Egypt

18 NORTH AFRICA, SICILY AND ITALY

Patton leads the US II Corps Bradley, Eisenhower, & Patton Operation Torch The US lands in Morocco and Algeria. They attack Rommel and his Afrikakorps.

TUSKEGEE AIRMEN Highly Decorated Segregated African American Pilots

D-DAY The Landing at Normandy

22 BUILDUP FOR D-DAY IN ENGLAND: 3,000,000 men in 52 divisions 80,000 trucks; 10,000 tanks 60,000,000 C and K rations 5200 bombers, 5500 fighters 2400 transport planes from 163 airfields 1200 naval ships: 2 battleships, 23 cruisers, 105 destroyers 2500 landing craft

Operation Overlord Planned invasion of France from the beaches of NormandyPlanned invasion of France from the beaches of Normandy General Omar Bradley led the American troops.General Omar Bradley led the American troops. Good planning and speed were vital.Good planning and speed were vital. Fooled Hitler into thinking the invasion would be at Calei, FR where Patton was.Fooled Hitler into thinking the invasion would be at Calei, FR where Patton was.D-Day June 6, 1944June 6, 1944 Allied force of 3.5 million soldiersAllied force of 3.5 million soldiers Germans were slow to respondGermans were slow to respond Estimated 10,000 Allied casualties, including 6,600 AmericansEstimated 10,000 Allied casualties, including 6,600 Americans The Allies landed almost 1 million soldiers and 180,000 vehicles.The Allies landed almost 1 million soldiers and 180,000 vehicles. D-Day: The Invasion of France

SUPREME ALLIED COMMANDER GENERAL EISENHOWER SPEAKS WITH PARATROOPERS JUST BEFORE THEY EMBARK TO JUMP INTO NAZI OCCUPIED FRANCE

THOUSANDS OF ALLIED SOLDIERS ENTERED BATTLE FROM THE AIR

THOUSANDS OF TROOPS ARRIVED IN FRANCE ON TOWED GLIDERS. MANY CRASHED, KILLING THEIR PILOTS AND PASSENGERS

PHOTO TAKEN AS AMERICAN SOLDIERS ADVANCE ONTO FRENCH BEACH UNDER GERMAN FIRE.

A HEAVY PRICE WAS PAID FOR THE SUCCESSFUL INVASION OF FRANCE

CARGO SHIPS  CARGO SHIPS LOAD SUPPLIES IN ENGLAND  CARGO SHIPS BEING UNLOADED ON THE INVASION BEACHES TO SUPPLY THE INVADING ARMIES

ADVANCING ALLIED FORCES  US TROOPS ADVANCE OFF THE INVASION BEACHES AFTER DEFEATING THE GERMAN COASTAL DEFENDERS

ENIGMA MACHINE THAT DECODED THE GERMAN ULTRA CODE GIVING THE ALLIES ACCESS TO GERMAN MILITARY PLANS CAPTURED GERMAN ULTRA CODING MACHINE

US TROOPS MARCH IN A VICTORY PARADE AFTER THE LIBERATION OF PARIS IN LATE AUGUST 1944

BATTLE OF THE BULGE  Hitler launched a surprise attack  German success created a bulge in Allied lines  The key moment was at Bastogne, Belgium  George Patton arrived to defeat the Germans  Hitler launched a surprise attack  German success created a bulge in Allied lines  The key moment was at Bastogne, Belgium  George Patton arrived to defeat the Germans American POW’s

BATTLE OF THE BULGE During the winter of , more than 500,000 troops were deployed in the Ardennes Mountains. An astonishing 76,000 would be wounded or killed. The troops were young men, some of them barely out of high school. Freezing cold, frostbite, death -- these were everyday facts for the soldiers at the Bulge.

40 KILLED, WOUNDED, CAPTURED, MISSING AT THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE BOTH SIDES LOST MASSIVE AMOUNTS OF MEN AND EQUIPMENT BUT WHILE THE AMERICANS COULD EASILY MAKE UP THE LOSSES THE GERMANS COULD NOT AND THE WAR WOULD BE OVER WITHIN MONTHS