1. War in Europe and Africa Section 4: pages 770-776 Ms. Taylor

2. Famous Generals of the War Erwin Rommel Dwight D. Eisenhower George Patton

3. General Erwin Rommel German general. Leader of the AXIS forces in North Africa. He was known as “Desert Fox” because of his success in desert warfare. He was defeated at the famous battle: Battle of El Alamein

4. General Dwight D. Eisenhower American general. Leader of ALLIED forces in Europe. Directed the D-Day invasion and helped defeat the AXIS powers in Europe and North Africa. “We will accept nothing less than total victory.” - General Eisenhower

5. General George Patton American general. Leader of the ALLIED forces in North Africa. Helped defeat the Germans at the Battle of El Alamein. Pushed the Axis powers out of North Africa in 1943. Along with General Eisenhower, Patton also helped defeat the AXIS powers in Europe.

6. Famous World War II Battles Siege at Leningrad Battle of Stalingrad D-Day invasion Battle of the Bulge

7. Siege at Leningrad Siege – military blockade. By September 1941, the Germans had invaded the Soviet Union and began a siege around the city of Leningrad that lasted 900 days. The Soviet citizens of Leningrad nearly starved to death. Many resorted to eating horses, cats, and dogs to stay alive. Thousands died. The siege was eventually broken by 1944. The city of Leningrad never fell to the Germans.

8. Battle of Stalingrad In the spring of 1942, the Germans launched their final attack on the Soviets. Why did they want to invade Stalingrad? Stalingrad is a major city in the Soviet Union with very oil-rich lands. At first, the Germans looked successful, but then the Soviet Red Army surrounded the city and cut off German supply lines. The German army was starving and very cold. They were forced to leave the city of Stalingrad. The Germans were pushed back hundreds of miles and eventually pushed out of the Soviet Union. The German defeat at Stalingrad marked a major turning point in the war.

9. Time to defeat the Germans Military Strategy: 1) The Soviet Red Army would attack Germany from the East. 2) The rest of the Allied forces – Great Britain and the United States – would attack Germany from the West. -The Axis powers would feel closed in. 3) The D-Day invasion was the surprise Allied invasion coming from the West.

10. D-Day Invasion On June 6, 1944, Allied forces landed on the beaches of Normandy off the coast of France. (Operation Overlord) The Germans were waiting there with open fire. Many Allied soldiers died before they could even get off the boats and on to the beach. The D-Day invasion involved land, sea, and air combat. More than one million Allied troops were involved in the invasion. The Allied troops were too much for the Germans to handle. By August 25, the Allied troops had defeated the Germans and pushed their way into Paris to liberate the French from Nazi rule.

11. Battle of the Bulge After the D-Day invasion, it looked as though the Germans were defeated. However, they gave it one last try in the Battle of the Bulge. On December 16, 1944, the Germans launched a surprise attack along a 50-mile front in Belgium. The Germans were able to cause a “bulge” in the Allied front lines. However, the Allies were able to push the Germans back. 100,000 troops died in this battle Marked the end of the war for the Germans and the Axis Powers.

12. Victory in Europe By 1945, the German defenses had begun to collapse. On April 30, Adolf Hitler commited suicide. Germany surrendered soon after. May 8, 1945 became known as V-E Day. The War in EUROPE was over – now to the Pacific to defeat Japan.

13. FDR dies President Roosevelt never lived to see the Allied victory in Europe. On April 12, 1945, FDR died of a massive stroke in Warm Springs, Ga. Harry Truman, the Vice- President, was quickly sworn in as President of the United States. It would be Truman’s responsibility to fight the Japanese and finish the war in the Pacific.

14. THE HOLOCAUST “the final solution of the Jewish question”

15. Hitler’s “final solution” After the war in Europe was over, the Allied troops began discovering all the Nazi concentration camps. Important definitions: genocide – wiping out an entire group of people. Holocaust – the murder of 6 million Jews during WWII.

16. It wasn’t just the Jews… Genocide was Hitler’s “Final Solution” to destroy the Jews, and millions others, in Europe. During the Holocaust, the Nazis also murdered: - Soviet prisoners of war - gypsies - homosexuals - the mentally retarded - handicapped people - any Polish or even Germans that helped Jews

17. The Ghettos

21. Deportation – on cattle trains

23. Arrival at the Concentration Camp Sorting would take place after the prisoners arrived in the camp

27. If you were sent to the left… (mostly older women, children, infants, and the elderly)

31. If you were sent to the right… (mostly young men and women – teenagers, age 20’s - strong men, fit men)

35. Concentration Camps Over 15,000 concentration camps were created by the Nazis during WWII – this number does not include the ghettos. Largest and most famous camps: - Auschwitz-Birkenau - Mauthausen - Dachau - Treblinka

37. Did some of them survive? YES

40. In Remembrance www.ushmm.org/ The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum is located in Washington, D.C.