1. Date____Page____ Title: Victory in Europe Warmup: 1.Write down five facts about the events and results of the North African campaign and Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union/Battle of Stalingrad. 2.What factors do you think are going to lead to Allied victory in Europe?

2. Recap: The North African Campaign (no need to write this… you should have video notes on it…) After Rommel took port city of Tobruk, British Gen. Bernard Montgomery sent to take over at Egyptian village of El Alamein Launched massive frontal attack (couldn’t go around them) on Oct. 23, 1942 – took Rommel by surprise, he fell back by Nov. 4 Allies launched Operation Torch as Rommel retreated west. Nov. 8 – 100,000 Allied troops (mostly Americans) landed in Morocco and Algeria Dwight Eisenhower led the force that crushed Rommel’s Afrika Korps in May 1943

3. Operation Torch

4. Recap: Battle for Stalingrad (no need to write this… you should have video notes on it…) German advance stalled at Leningrad & Moscow late in 1941 Summer 1942 – Hitler sent 6 th Army, under command of General Friedrich Paulus, to seize oil fields in Caucasus Mountains – army was to capture Stalingrad, a major industrial center on the Volga River Battle of Stalingrad began August 23, 1942 – Luftwaffe went on nightly bombing raids – situation seemed desperate, yet Stalin already told his commanders to defend the city to the death

5. Recap: Battle for Stalingrad (no need to write this… you should have video notes on it…) Early Nov. 1942 – Germans controlled 90% of the city Russian winter set in  Germans unprepared Who else had the same problem over a century prior? Nov. 19 – Soviet troops outside the city launched counterattack – closed in around Stalingrad and trapped Germans and cut off supplies Paulus begged for retreat – Hitler refused, saying the city was “to be held at all costs” Feb. 2, 1943 – 90,000 (of an original 330,000) Germans surrendered Over 1,000,000 Soviet soldiers died; 99% of the city was destroyed However, Germans now on defensive w/ Soviets pushing them westward

6. The Invasion of Italy Stalin wanted the British and Americans to invade France – FDR and Churchill decide to go to Italy first July 10, 1943 – Allied forces land on Sicily, capture it from Italian and German troops a month later Mussolini toppled from power and Italy surrendered; Germans seize control of N. Italy and put Mussolini back in control Allies enter Rome on June 4, 1944 – fighting continues until Germany fell in May 1945

7. April 27, 1945 – Italian resistance fighters ambushed some German trucks near northern Italian city of Milan Inside one of the trucks, they found Mussolini disguised as a German soldier – they shot him the next day and hung his body in downtown Milan

8. Decisive Conflicts of WWII in Europe D-Day June 6, 1944 – invasion of Normandy July 25 – Allies punched a hole in the German defenses near Saint-Lo By September, the Allies had liberated France, Belgium, and Luxembourg Battle of the Bulge Allied forces moved toward Germany from the west, Soviet army advanced from the east Dec. 16, 1944 – German tanks broke through weak American defenses along a 75-mile from in the Ardennes

9. Disc 3, Episode 4 8:45-11:45 (explanation of invasion) 28:45-39:00 (invasion of Omaha Beach) 1:16:00-1:17:30 (map – explanation of Allied progress) Disc 5, Episode 6 6:30-8:00 (explanation of the war by Dec. 1944) 9:30-11:00 (Hitler’s counter attack) 35:17-50:05 (Battle of the Bulge) 1:38-1:45:50 (Germany surrounded)

10. Germany’s Unconditional Surrender and V-E Day

11. Disc 6, Episode 7 51:00-55:00 (Germany’s surrender; V-E Day)