Kingdom Protista PA State Standards

What is a protist? Eukaryotic Unicellular (single- celled) Can move like animals and respond to changes in the environment Can be Autotrophs or Heterotrophs

What is a protist? Microscopic Basic organelles for functions of life Acquire energy in many different ways Take in Oxygen through diffusion move using extensions of their membrane or special structures (flagella & cilia) Asexual reproduction

Animal-like protists 1.Sarcodines 2.Ciliates 3.Flagellates 4.Sporozoans

1. Sarcodines Pseudopods – false foot Move with their pseudopods (extensions of their cell membrane and cytoplasm) Example = Amoeba Pseudopod

Amebic Cysts that are ingested in the body from contaminated food and water; Amoebic dysentery can cause the liver to swell and have to be drained so it doesn’t pop

2. Ciliates Move with small hair- like projections (Cilia) Example = Paramecium Cilia

Balantidium coli is a parasite that moves with Cilia; it is contracted through contaminated food and water

3. Flagellates (Zooflagellates) Flagella – a tail-like extension Used to move Example = Trypanosome Carried in the Tse Tse fly – causes African Sleeping Sickness (parasitic) Flagella

A Trypanosome inside the human body, hanging out with the red blood cells Notice the flagella

Swelling of the brain which ultimately leads to a coma ; hence the name “sleeping” sickness

4. Sporozoans All are parasites Example = Plasmodium

Malaria Caused by an infected mosquito biting a human. Infected mosquito injects saliva into human (including plasmodium spores) Plasmodium go to liver in human and reproduce Move about in human red blood cells

Results in anemia. Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues Various stages of the most deadly form of Malaria – Plasmodium falciparum

1.Sporozoites in salivary gland. 2.Oöcysts in stomach wall. 3.Male and female gametocytes. 4.Liver phase. 5.Release of merozoites from liver. These enter red cells where both sexual and asexual cycles continue. From mosquito to human

Plant-like protists Euglena Diatom Dinoflagellate

Euglena Move with a flagella Autotroph – usually green in color Flagella Chloroplasts

Diatoms Water-dwelling organisms – very abundant near the oceans’ surface; “Golden Algae” Enclosed in a two part glassy shell Can be used in car polish, tooth paste and form part of the Earth’s crust

Dinoflagellates Can produce sparkles in ocean water Contain cell walls that help propel them through water If reproduce too quickly can cause Red Tide, killing fish

Reproduction Most reproduce through fission – splitting into two parts.

Credits uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html? uk.org.uk/mag/wimsmall/cilidr.htmlhttp:// uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html? uk.org.uk/mag/wimsmall/cilidr.html critters/protozoans/mastigophora/mastigophora.htmhttp:// critters/protozoans/mastigophora/mastigophora.htm