Carbons. Write condensed structural formulas for and name alkyl halides. Describe some common organic reactions. Including: esterification, halogenation,

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Presentation transcript:

Carbons

Write condensed structural formulas for and name alkyl halides. Describe some common organic reactions. Including: esterification, halogenation, hydration, hydrogenation Additional KEY Terms

The functional group of halocarbons is the halo group general formula: R–X X – represents any halogen attached to a hydrocarbon O x R halo group usually man-made

Properties of Halocarbons: Polar covalent: < 5C (small) are soluble in water Can be alkyl halides OR aryl halides Strong IMF (d-d) gives higher bp/mp aliphatic chainaromatic ring I CH 2 - CH - CH - CH 3 CH F

C C C H H H H H H H Cl 1- chloropropane C Cl tetrachloromethane

Naming HaloCarbons name the halogen as a branch replace - ine ending with - o multiple halogens are listed alphabetically. All other rules the same (di, tri, lowest number…) 2-bromo-2-methylpropane CH 3 C Br C C Cl H H H chloroethene I CH 3 - iodomethane

1.bromobenzene 2. 3-chloro-1-butene 3.1,2 - difluoropropane 4.1-bromo-3,5-diiodobenzene 5.1,2,3 - triiodocyclopentane

CH 3 CH 3 C H Cl -- l l l CH 3 l Br l CH 3 I-CH 2 -C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 Br l

Organic Reactions + = ?

Halogenation Reactions 1. Replace with a halogen group R-H + X 2 R-X + HX UV light Alkane + Halogen HalocarbonHalogen halide + 2. Replace of a halogen group (dehalogenation reaction) R-X + OH - R-OH + X - Alkyl Halide + Base AlcoholHalide ion +

H Br alkyl halide + H H H H C C H H H H C C alkene addition reaction elimination reaction Br H 3. Break a multiple bond with a halogen group

alkyl dihalide addition reaction + elimination reaction H H H H C C H H H H C C alkene Cl

Esterification reaction desterification reaction H O H O-C C-C O + ester alcohol carboxyl acid H C-C O O H O-C +

hydrogenation reaction + H H H H H C C H HH dehydrogenation reaction H H H H C C alkene alkane (alkyne) (alkene)

hydration reaction + H O H dehydration reaction alcohol H H H H C C H H H H C C H O H alkene

CAN YOU / HAVE YOU? Write condensed structural formulas for and name alkyl halides. Describe some common organic reactions. Including: esterification, halogenation, hydration, hydrogenation Additional KEY Terms