Air pollution concentration modeling by gis in riyadh King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST) Saudi Arabia Mohammed Idrees A. Farooqui (Remote Sensing & GIS Analyst) Dr. Bader H. Harbi (Director NCET)

Introduction KACST: King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) is an independent Saudi Arabian national science & technology agency. KACST has currently over 2500 National and International scientists and experts. KACST's main activities can be summarized as follows: Propose national policies for the development of science and technology and develop strategies and plans necessary to implement them. Topic: AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATION MODELING BY GIS IN RIYADH, Saudi Arabia. Presenter: Mohammed Idrees A. Farooqui Session: NRDMS, 8th February, 2012. 1430 - 1800 Hrs. India Geospatial Forum 7 - 9 February, 2012. Gurgaon, India.

Introduction KACST: Coordinate with government agencies, scientific institutions and research centers in the Kingdom to enhance research and exchange information and expertise. Conduct applied research and provide advice to the government on science and technology matters. Support scientific research and technology development. Topic: AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATION MODELING BY GIS IN RIYADH, Saudi Arabia. Presenter: Mohammed Idrees A. Farooqui Session: NRDMS, 8th February, 2012. 1430 - 1800 Hrs. India Geospatial Forum 7 - 9 February, 2012. Gurgaon, India.

Introduction KACST: Foster national innovation and technology transfer between research institutes and the industry. Foster international cooperation in science and technology.  Topic: AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATION MODELING BY GIS IN RIYADH, Saudi Arabia. Presenter: Mohammed Idrees A. Farooqui Session: NRDMS, 8th February, 2012. 1430 - 1800 Hrs. India Geospatial Forum 7 - 9 February, 2012. Gurgaon, India.

PROJECT OVER VIEW: National Air Pollution Diagnostic and Alarming System Air Quality Index GIS for Riyadh City National Center for Environment Technology (NCET), one of the research institutes in KACST, is carrying out a project Titled "National Air Pollution Diagnostic and Alarming System" The aim of the project is to establish an Air quality monitoring network in Riyadh City to measure Air Quality. The Riyadh city is divided into 12 X 12 KM Grid. The Monitoring Stations are more or less stationed in the center of each grid. Topic: AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATION MODELING BY GIS IN RIYADH, Saudi Arabia. Presenter: Mohammed Idrees A. Farooqui Session: NRDMS, 8th February, 2012. 1430 - 1800 Hrs. India Geospatial Forum 7 - 9 February, 2012. Gurgaon, India.

BACKGROUND OF THE PRESENTATION TOPIC “AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATION MODELING BY GIS IN RIYADH” A GIS system ”The Air Quality Index GIS for Riyadh City” is developed to analyze and model the different concentration levels. However due to some constraints only 16 monitoring stations were hosted. But since, the concentration level of pollutants at other parts of the city were also of interest to the planners and environmentalist, GIS Extrapolation and Geostatistical Analysis tools is used to predict the possible optimal concentrations of various pollutants by examining the relationships between all the sample points for producing a continuous surface of concentration. The wind velocity data is used as streamlines and indicator of direction. Topic: AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATION MODELING BY GIS IN RIYADH, Saudi Arabia. Presenter: Mohammed Idrees A. Farooqui Session: NRDMS, 8th February, 2012. 1430 - 1800 Hrs. India Geospatial Forum 7 - 9 February, 2012. Gurgaon, India.

Air Quality Index GIS for Riyadh City Scope: The Air Quality Index GIS for Riyadh City contains all available infrastructure information like Road and Street Network, layers of various pollution sources. The Incorporated layers and information are categorized as below: The Pollution Sources The Measurements The entities that might be effected Topic: AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATION MODELING BY GIS IN RIYADH, Saudi Arabia. Presenter: Mohammed Idrees A. Farooqui Session: NRDMS, 8th February, 2012. 1430 - 1800 Hrs. India Geospatial Forum 7 - 9 February, 2012. Gurgaon, India.

Following Are The Pollution Sources That are Included In GIS: Traffic Industries Waste Water Treatment Plants Livestock Landfills Oil and Gas Sources Like Petrol Pumps Other Pollution Sources Like Asbestos Buildings, Treated Waste Water Discharge Lakes Etc., Topic: AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATION MODELING BY GIS IN RIYADH, Saudi Arabia. Presenter: Mohammed Idrees A. Farooqui Session: NRDMS, 8th February, 2012. 1430 - 1800 Hrs. India Geospatial Forum 7 - 9 February, 2012. Gurgaon, India.

Following Are The risked entities That are Included In GIS for analysis. Hospitals Schools Old Aged homes Masjids Housing Parcels Topic: AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATION MODELING BY GIS IN RIYADH, Saudi Arabia. Presenter: Mohammed Idrees A. Farooqui Session: NRDMS, 8th February, 2012. 1430 - 1800 Hrs. India Geospatial Forum 7 - 9 February, 2012. Gurgaon, India.

Following is the Measured Data That is Included and Analyzed In GIS Heavy metals Lead (Pb) Cadmium (Cd) Cupper (Cu) Zinc (Zn) Chromium (Cr) Cobalt Co) Nickel (Ni) Strontium (Sr) Vanadium (V) Mercury (Hg) Organic pollutants Benzene Toluene Ethyl Benzene Xylene Date Time Grid ID Station ID Meteorological Parameters Wind speed Wind Direction Ambient temperature Relative humidity Solar Radiation Rainfall (mm) Atmospheric Pressure Inorganic pollutants Nitrogen Dioxide ( NO2 ) Sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) Carbon monoxide (CO) Ozone (O3) Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) Ammonia (NH3) Particulate matter PM10 PM 2.5 Topic: AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATION MODELING BY GIS IN RIYADH, Saudi Arabia. Presenter: Mohammed Idrees A. Farooqui Session: NRDMS, 8th February, 2012. 1430 - 1800 Hrs. India Geospatial Forum 7 - 9 February, 2012. Gurgaon, India.

GIS Layers in Grid-2 and Number of Entities Legend – Index # 2 Housing Parcels Schools - 297 Petrol Stations - 49 Masjids - 264 Livestock Sources - 0 Land Fills - 2 Industries - 126 Hospitals - 55 Street Network Waste Water Treatment Plants - 0 Asbestos Buildings - 11 Topic: AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATION MODELING BY GIS IN RIYADH, Saudi Arabia. Presenter: Mohammed Idrees A. Farooqui Session: NRDMS, 8th February, 2012. 1430 - 1800 Hrs. India Geospatial Forum 7 - 9 February, 2012. Gurgaon, India.

GIS Layers in Grid-4 and Number of Entities Legend – Index # 4 Housing Parcels Schools - 12 Petrol Stations - 1 Masjids - 11 Livestock Sources - 0 Land Fills - 0 Industries - 660 Hospitals - 2 Street Network Waste Water Treatment Plants - 0 Asbestos Buildings - 0 Topic: AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATION MODELING BY GIS IN RIYADH, Saudi Arabia. Presenter: Mohammed Idrees A. Farooqui Session: NRDMS, 8th February, 2012. 1430 - 1800 Hrs. India Geospatial Forum 7 - 9 February, 2012. Gurgaon, India.

Exhibit of the Measurement data held in GIS with the Monitoring Stations Attributes: Topic: AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATION MODELING BY GIS IN RIYADH, Saudi Arabia. Presenter: Mohammed Idrees A. Farooqui Session: NRDMS, 8th February, 2012. 1430 - 1800 Hrs. India Geospatial Forum 7 - 9 February, 2012. Gurgaon, India.

DATA BASE QUERY

GIS Analysis Scopes: Back trajectories from the monitoring sites, e.g., to look at where the air was coming from when the measurements were high vs. where the air was coming from when the measurements were low. Differences between the sites (e.g., the statistical distribution of data at each site with mean, median, 25-th percentile, 75-th percentile, 10th and 90th percentiles, and outliers, etc.). Time series of data at each site, compared with that from other sites Examine correlations between different sites, for a given pollutant, and correlations between different pollutants at the same site Some very interesting time-domain animations could also be made. Topic: AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATION MODELING BY GIS IN RIYADH, Saudi Arabia. Presenter: Mohammed Idrees A. Farooqui Session: NRDMS, 8th February, 2012. 1430 - 1800 Hrs. India Geospatial Forum 7 - 9 February, 2012. Gurgaon, India.

GIS Analysis Scopes: Creating “Pollution Rose” where any given variable is plotted as a function of wind direction. Below is example of Pollution Rose of SO2 concentrations at a monitoring site as a function of wind direction measured at the site. Topic: AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATION MODELING BY GIS IN RIYADH, Saudi Arabia. Presenter: Mohammed Idrees A. Farooqui Session: NRDMS, 8th February, 2012. 1430 - 1800 Hrs. India Geospatial Forum 7 - 9 February, 2012. Gurgaon, India.

Animated Contours for CO Concentration: The contours of CO changing over time while simultaneously displaying the wind speed and direction has been created. The wind velocity data is added as streamlines and indicators of direction and speed. This animation has frames every one minute, interpolating between the one hour measured samples. The distributions change very wildly due to the wide sample frequency. 3D buildings and/or terrain could also be add to make the map more interesting. Topic: AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATION MODELING BY GIS IN RIYADH, Saudi Arabia. Presenter: Mohammed Idrees A. Farooqui Session: NRDMS, 8th February, 2012. 1430 - 1800 Hrs. India Geospatial Forum 7 - 9 February, 2012. Gurgaon, India.

“AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATION MODELING BY GIS IN RIYADH” Prediction of the possible optimal concentrations of CO in Riyadh City. Topic: AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATION MODELING BY GIS IN RIYADH, Saudi Arabia. Presenter: Mohammed Idrees A. Farooqui Session: NRDMS, 8th February, 2012. 1430 - 1800 Hrs. India Geospatial Forum 7 - 9 February, 2012. Gurgaon, India.

MOBILE AIR QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS Topic: AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATION MODELING BY GIS IN RIYADH, Saudi Arabia. Presenter: Mohammed Idrees A. Farooqui Session: NRDMS, 8th February, 2012. 1430 - 1800 Hrs. India Geospatial Forum 7 - 9 February, 2012. Gurgaon, India.

THANK YOU Topic: AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATION MODELING BY GIS IN RIYADH, Saudi Arabia. Presenter: Mohammed Idrees A. Farooqui Session: NRDMS, 8th February, 2012. 1430 - 1800 Hrs. India Geospatial Forum 7 - 9 February, 2012. Gurgaon, India.