1. Part A. Nitrogen dioxide, as measured by monitoring stations Additional file 1. Histograms of the distributions of air pollution indicators Number of subjects Concentration (in parts per billion)

2. Part B. Nitrogen oxides, as measured by monitoring stations Number of subjects Concentration (in parts per billion) Additional file 1. Histograms of the distributions of air pollution indicators

3. Part C. Nitrogen monoxide, as measured by monitoring stations Number of subjects Concentration (in parts per billion) Additional file 1. Histograms of the distributions of air pollution indicators

4. Part D. Carbon monoxide, as measured by monitoring stations Number of subjects Concentration (in parts per million) Additional file 1. Histograms of the distributions of air pollution indicators

5. Part E. Particulate matter of less than 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter, as measured by monitoring stations Concentration (in micrograms per cubic meter) Number of subjects Additional file 1. Histograms of the distributions of air pollution indicators

6. Part F. Particulate matter of less than 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter, as measured by monitoring stations Concentration (in micrograms per cubic meter) Number of subjects Additional file 1. Histograms of the distributions of air pollution indicators

7. Part G. Nitrogen dioxide, as predicted by the land use regression model Number of subjects Concentration (in parts per billion) Additional file 1. Histograms of the distributions of air pollution indicators

8. Part H. Nitrogen oxides, as predicted by the land use regression model Number of subjects Concentration (in parts per billion) Additional file 1. Histograms of the distributions of air pollution indicators

9. Part I. Nitrogen oxides, as predicted by CALINE4 Concentration (in parts per billion) Number of subjects Additional file 1. Histograms of the distributions of air pollution indicators

10. Part J. Carbon monoxide, as predicted by CALINE4 Number of subjects Concentration (in micrograms per cubic meter) Additional file 1. Histograms of the distributions of air pollution indicators

11. Part K. Particulate matter of less than 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter, as predicted by CALINE4 Concentration (in micrograms per cubic meter) Number of subjects Additional file 1. Histograms of the distributions of air pollution indicators

12. Part L. Traffic density within 50 meters around roadways Number of subjects Vehicle number per day/meter Additional file 1. Histograms of the distributions of air pollution indicators

13. Part M. Traffic density within 75 meters around roadways Number of subjects Vehicle number per day/meter Additional file 1. Histograms of the distributions of air pollution indicators

14. Part N. Traffic density within 100 meters around roadways Number of subjects Vehicle number per day/meter Additional file 1. Histograms of the distributions of air pollution indicators

15. Part O. Traffic density within 150 meters around roadways Number of subjects Vehicle number per day/meter Additional file 1. Histograms of the distributions of air pollution indicators

16. Part P. Traffic density within 200 meters around roadways Number of subjects Vehicle number per day/meter Additional file 1. Histograms of the distributions of air pollution indicators

17. Part Q. Traffic density within 250 meters around roadways Number of subjects Vehicle number per day/meter Additional file 1. Histograms of the distributions of air pollution indicators

18. Part R. Traffic density within 300 meters around roadways Vehicle number per day/meter Number of subjects Additional file 1. Histograms of the distributions of air pollution indicators

19. Part S. Distance to the next freeway Number of subjects Distance in meters Additional file 1. Histograms of the distributions of air pollution indicators

20. Part T. Distance to the next main road Number of subjects Distance in meters Additional file 1. Histograms of the distributions of air pollution indicators