1. 1 Course TEN-702 Industrial waste management unit-1 Lecture -4 & 5

2. 2 Industrial Wastewater Characteristics Characteristics are industry specific and categorized as: -Physical -Chemical -Organic -inorganic -Biological Concentrations characterize wastewater as: weak, medium, and strong.

3. 3 Physical characteristics Temperature pH Solids TS, TSS,TDS,FSS,VSS,VDS,FDS Colour Odour Taste Turbidity

4. 4 Total Solids Total Suspende d Solids Total Dissolved Solids Non- Settleable Settleable Volatile Fixed Volatile Fixed Volatile Fixed

5. 5 Chemical Characteristics Organic Matter –Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) –The BOD 5 test results are used to: –Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Fats, Oils, and Grease Surfactants. Phenols. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Pesticides & Agricultural Chemicals.

6. 6 Inorganic characteristics Inorganic Matter Alkalinity. Nitrogen Phosphorus Sulfur. Toxic Inorganic Compounds

7. 7 Inorganic characteristics Heavy Metals. Trace quantities of Many metals, such as –nickel (Ni), –manganese (Mn), –lead (Pb), –chromium (Cr), –cadmium (Cd), –zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), –iron (Fe), –and mercury (Hg) are important constituents of some industrial wastewaters.

8. 8 Biological Characteristics -Bacteria -Protozoa -Viruses -Algae (limited)

9. 9 Ex. Tannery waste water characteristics Sr. NO.ParametersVegetable Tanning Chrome Tanning 1 BOD1111-7440232-4208 2 pH7.4-12.27.5-12.2 3 TOTAL NITROGEN144-424177-470 4 CHLORIDE2100-37502140-3950 5 CHROMIUMAbsent11-3226 6 SULPHIDES15-99452-20,645

10. 10 Table: Typical range of concentration values for industrial and municipal wastewater Origin of waste pHT.S.S, mg/l BOD, mg/l COD, mg/l TDS, mg/l O&G, mg/l Domestic Sewage7220250500 - Dairy Industry412150140002110019000320 Yeast Industry5.35402100340035009 Fruits & Vegetable Canning 5.522008001400127094 Textile Industry6.51800840150017000155 Pulp & Paper Industry8164036023001980- Beverage Industry976062011501290- Tannery Industry102600237049508500115 Fish Canning1156589023508218290

11. 11 ContaminantsReason for importance Suspended solidsSuspended solids can lead to the development of sludge deposits and anaerobic conditions when untreated wastewater is discharged in the aquatic environment. NutrientsBoth nitrogen and phosphate, along with carbon, are essential nutrients for growth. When discharged to the aquatic environment, these nutrients can lead to the growth of undesirable aquatic life. When discharged in excessive amounts on land, they can also lead to the pollution of groundwater. Priority pollutantsOrganic and inorganic compounds selected on the basis of their known or suspected carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, or high acute toxicity. Many of these compounds are found in wastewater. Table: Important contaminants of concern in industrial wastewater treatment

12. 12 Table: Important contaminants of concern in industrial wastewater treatment ContaminantsReason for importance Refractory organicsThese organics tend to resist conventional methods of wastewater treatment. Typical examples include surfactants, phenols, and agricultural pesticides. Heavy metalsHeavy metals are usually discharged to wastewater from commercial and industrial activities and have to be removed if the wastewater is to be reused. Dissolved inorganicsInorganic constituents such as calcium, sodium, and sulfate are added to the original domestic water supply as a result of water use and may have to be removed if the wastewater is to be reused.

13. 13 Quantity of waste Quantity of waste is Industry specific Quantity of waste is expressed in terms of –m 3 /kg of raw material such as tannery –m 3 /kg of processed material such as oil refinery –m 3 /kg of finished product such as soft drink industry, sugar industry

14. 14 Questions?

15. 15 Home assignment-3 search the quantity of waste of the following industries as per discussed in lecture –distillery, –paper/pulp –tannery, –sugar, –textile, –steel, –oil refinery.

16. 16 Home work Enlist the characteristics of wastewater of sugar industry, and oil refinery

17. 17 Thanks!