Chapter 11: Political Developments in the Early Republic Mr. Meza 8th Grade U.S. History

11.3 “Washington as President” New government lacked funds The excise tax upsets farmers in Pennsylvania The Whiskey Rebellion The French Revolution Washington’s farewell address points out two threats Problems with countries Political disagrements

1. What three departments made up President Washington’s cabinet? Department of State = handle relations with other countries The Department of War = to defend the nation The Treasury Department = oversee the nation’s finances `

2. What did Congress agree to do in 1791, why? Placed an excise tax on whiskey and other luxury goods (production or sale of a product) Because the new government lacked funds

3. What happened in western Pennsylvania in 1794? The Whiskey Rebellion Tax rebels (“Whiskey Boys”) tarred and feathered tax collectors

4. How did President Washington react to the rebellion? Viewed the rebellion as a threat to the authority of the Nat‘l government Led 13,000 troops to stop the rebellion

5. According to Washington, what two threats faced the nation’s future? Problems with other countries Fighting with parties could tear the country apart

11.4 – “Alexander Hamilton and the Federalist Party” Delegate from New York born in the West Indies Limit the power of the common people “Best people” – educated, wealthy, public-spirited men Strong economy/national bank, 1791 Loose construction – flexibility or broad interpretation of the Constitution The French Revolution

6. Characteristics of the Federalist Party.. Favored strong central government National bank The “best people” rule – wealthy, educated men Minimal power to common people

7. What did Hamilton believe would make the U.S. great? A strong economy National bank

8. What is loose construction? To give Congress powers not specified in the Constitution Allow Congress to create a national bank

9. What would a national bank provide? Help collect taxes Print paper money Loans for businesspeople (factories and ships)

10. Why did Federalist favor a good relationship with G.B.? G.B. was a powerful country the U.S. would hope to become one day Powerful and respected

11.5 “Thomas Jefferson and the Republican Party” Opposed federalist views on a national government and supported a state government Democracy (informed citizens make good decisions) Strict construction – only powers specified in the Constitution Economy based on agriculture

11. Characteristics of the Republican Party.. Believed in a small government with limited powers Common people should have power

12. What is Strict Construction? Narrow interpretation of the Constitution Congress only had the powers specified in the Constitution

13. What kind of government was favored by Republicans? Believed state governments were closer to the people and easy to control Limited powers

14. What were republican views on the economy? Favored an economy based on agriculture National bank only loaned to businessmen not farmers

Federalist vs. Republicans Alexander Hamilton (Federalist) -Opposed giving power to the common people -”Best people” should run government - Strong National government - National bank, 1791 Thomas Jefferson (Republican) - Small government with limited powers - Favored state governments - Favored an economy based on agriculture Americans

15. What were the Alien and Sedition Acts? A set of laws aimed at non-citizens Republicans saw it as an attack to their party and their freedom of speech and press

16.What is the state rights theory? Rights not specifically given to the federal government remain with the state States could nullify laws = refused to recognize federal laws

17. What is the twelfth amendment? (1804) Calls for the Electoral College to cast separate ballots for president and vice-president Was added to avoid ties in a presidential election

18. Why is the election of 1800 considered a peaceful revolution? Power passed from one party (Federalist) to another (Republican) without violence