Geography 409 Advanced Spatial Analysis and GIS Principles of Effective Cartographic Design Julia Siemer U of R, Winter 2006

2/16 J. Siemer – U of R – Winter 2006 GEOG 409 – 3 Cartography Principles of Effective Cartographic Design Graphic variables (Jaques Bertin) Lines Points Areas Cartogram ShapeSizeColour (hue)Colour (value)Texture Cartogram qualitative differences quantitative differences qualitative differences quantitative differences qualitative & quantitative differences

3/16 J. Siemer – U of R – Winter 2006 GEOG 409 – 3 Cartography Principles of Effective Cartographic Design Point symbols Basic distinctions  Pictographic symbols - Associations, resemblance - Conventions     

4/16 J. Siemer – U of R – Winter 2006 GEOG 409 – 3 Cartography Principles of Effective Cartographic Design Point symbols Basic distinctions  Geometric Symbols  Primary symbols  Secondary symbols G

5/16 J. Siemer – U of R – Winter 2006 GEOG 409 – 3 Cartography Principles of Effective Cartographic Design Point symbols Basic distinctions  Up to three variables low high stress level unemploy- ment affluence Quality of Life

6/16 J. Siemer – U of R – Winter 2006 GEOG 409 – 3 Cartography Principles of Effective Cartographic Design Typography What type to use?  Type variables: style, weight, form, size Computer screen: e.g. Trebuchet, Verdana Paper: e.g. Times, Helvetica (Arial)  Use type variations to communicate information INDEPENDENT CITY Suburb Wascana Park Lake

7/16 J. Siemer – U of R – Winter 2006 GEOG 409 – 3 Cartography Principles of Effective Cartographic Design Typography Type placement - points ) Right of the symbol 2) Above the symbol 3) Left of the symbol 4) Below the symbol

8/16 J. Siemer – U of R – Winter 2006 GEOG 409 – 3 Cartography Principles of Effective Cartographic Design Typography Type placement - points

9/16 J. Siemer – U of R – Winter 2006 GEOG 409 – 3 Cartography Principles of Effective Cartographic Design Typography Type placement - areas

10/16 J. Siemer – U of R – Winter 2006 GEOG 409 – 3 Cartography Principles of Effective Cartographic Design Typography Type placement - areas

11/16 J. Siemer – U of R – Winter 2006 GEOG 409 – 3 Cartography Principles of Effective Cartographic Design Typography Type placement

12/16 J. Siemer – U of R – Winter 2006 GEOG 409 – 3 Cartography Principles of Effective Cartographic Design Typography Type placement

13/16 J. Siemer – U of R – Winter 2006 GEOG 409 – 3 Cartography Principles of Effective Cartographic Design Typography Type placement

14/16 J. Siemer – U of R – Winter 2006 GEOG 409 – 3 Cartography Principles of Effective Cartographic Design Typography

15/16 J. Siemer – U of R – Winter 2006 GEOG 409 – 3 Cartography Principles of Effective Cartographic Design Finish your map  Critiquing your map - Does your map do what you want it to do? - Is your map suitable for your intended audience? Will they be confused, bored, interested, or informed? - Does the map reproduce well on its final medium? Has the potential of a black-and-white or colour design been reached? Undertake a systematic critique, then redesign the map!  Critiquing your data  Critiquing titles and legends  Critiquing the map design

16/16 J. Siemer – U of R – Winter 2006 GEOG 409 – 3 Cartography Principles of Effective Cartographic Design Further reading  Cartography Campbell, John (2001): Map Use and Analysis. 4. Edition Dent, Borden D. (1999): Cartography. Thematic Map Design. 5. Edition Krygier, John and Denis Wood (2005): Making Maps. A Visual Guide to Map Design for GIS Muehrcke, Phillip C. and Juliana O. Muehrcke (1998): Map Use. Reading, Analysis, and Interpretation. 4. Edition. JP Publications. Robinson, Arthur H. et al. (1995): Elements of Cartography. 6. Edition Slocum, Terry et al. (2004): Thematic Cartography and Geographic Visualization  Graphics/Graphic Design Bertin, Jacques (1984): Semiology of Graphics. Diagrams, Networks, Maps Tufte, Edward R. (1990): Envisioning Information Tufte, Edward R. (1983): The Display of Quantitative Information