1. Introduction to Cartography Nazrulo Toirbekov Assistant lecturer TSPU, labnazar@gmail.com Hungary, 2012

2. A ‘warming up’ exercise How do you tell people directions to somewhere?How do you tell people directions to somewhere? –-Have you ever used the terms ‘north’, ‘south’, ‘east’ or ‘west’ to describe directions? –-Do you use reference locations? For example, It is two blocks from Main Street? Or, It will be right in front of you when you get off the bus. Have you ever drawn a map to illustrate to someone how to get somewhere?Have you ever drawn a map to illustrate to someone how to get somewhere? Everyone is an amateur cartographerEveryone is an amateur cartographer However, this lesson will help you learn what cartography is and what tools cartographers use.However, this lesson will help you learn what cartography is and what tools cartographers use..

3. Objectives  Students will understand how old the art of cartography is.  Students will understand the importance of maps  Students will be able to explain what the term cartography means.  Students will be able to list some of the tools that cartographers use.

4. Introduction Maps are important for daily lives. It is never too late to learn how to use a map so that you can always find your way.

5. Definitions Cartography (from Greek khartēs, "map"; and graphein, "write"), or mapmaking, has been an integral part of the human story for a long time, possibly up to 8,000 years. Cartography is the science and study of making maps

6. Why cartography is important? To communicate geographic information in a graphic form as a digital image or a paper map To position the surroundings, location and ect. Graphics better than description —’A picture tells a thousand words’.

7. History of cartography  Evaluation of Cartographical Experience Worksheet  In your best words, describe what a map means to you.  Name different types of maps you may come across.  What is a key used for? A legend? A compass?  Why are maps important?  Who designs maps? How do you think this is done? 100 A.D. – geometry 1200 – Dark Ages 1300 – Renaissance 1680 – Enlightenment 1800s – Place => Space 1950+ -- Systems Approach 1.Source: www.maphistory.info/ 2.History of cartography volume 1&2

8. Early maps

9. Modern maps

10. Map making process Mapping involves information transformations: Data collection Selection Classification Simplification Exaggeration Symbolization Use of map The cartographer's task - explore the ramifications of each mapping possibility and choose the most appropriate for the intended task. Who is your audience?

11. Mapping tools Mapping has changed throughout history: Manual Magnetic (compass -12 th century) Mechanical ( Mechanical Printing Press-16 th century) Optical (telescope 17 th century) Photochemical ( Photography-19 th century) Electronics (computers, GPS, GIS, 1950-present)

12. Mapping tools (cont...)

13. Cartography now Digital databases are replacing the printed map as a means of storage of geographic information Intergrated with spatial technologies: Geographic Information Systems, Remote Sensing, Global Positioning Systems

14. Cartography tomorrow Maps will not dissapear but will be transformed Maps will still be present in the medium of communication Increasing intergration of spatial technologies Cartographic principles will aid as a guide for these developing spatial technologies

15. Summary Cartography is both an art and a science It is a very important part of Geography Anyone can be a cartographer. Cartography is thousands of years old. These principles will be important in other classes as you may have to understand maps or construct them for assignments or projects

16. Evaluation  Describe what a cartographer does.  Name 3 different types of tools that are used to make maps.  What does the word cartography mean? W hat is the words origin?  Why are maps important?  How do cartographers transform information to do their jobs?

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