CHAPTER 2 MINERALS AND ROCKS

S6E5. Students will investigate the scientific view of how the earth’s surface is formed.   S6E5b. Investigate the contribution of minerals to rock composition.

What is a mineral? Naturally occurring Inorganic Solid Crystal Structure Definite Chemical Composition

Identifying Minerals Color 5. Hardness Streak 6. Cleavage and Fracture Luster 7. Crystal Systems Density 8.Special properties

Standards: S6E5. Students will investigate the scientific view of how the earth’s surface is formed.  ELEMENTS: S6E5c – Classify rocks by their process of formation. S6E5d. Describe processes that change rocks and the surface of the earth.

Identifying Rocks Composition Color Texture

Texture Grain Size (Fine, Coarse, No Visible Grain) 2. Grain Shape (Rounded or Jagged) 3. Grain Pattern (Banded or Nonbanded)

Grain Size Picture of Slate (Fine grain)

Grain Size Picture of Diorite (coarse grain)

Grain Size Picture of Flint (no visible grain)

Grain Shape (Rounded Grain)

Grain Shape (Jagged grain)

Grain Pattern (Nonbanded)

Grain Pattern (Banded)

Types of Rock Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

Rocks formed from magma or lava Igneous Rocks Rocks formed from magma or lava

intrusive or extrusive Igneous Rocks Classified as intrusive or extrusive (intrusive made from magma) (extrusive made from lava)

Intrusive rocks are made from magma inside the ground Igneous Rocks Intrusive rocks are made from magma inside the ground Example: Porphyry

Extrusive rocks are made from lava above the ground Igneous Rocks Extrusive rocks are made from lava above the ground Example: Obsidian

Sedimentary Rocks (formed through erosion, deposition, compaction, or cementation) Classified as Clastic, Organic, or Chemical

Clastic rocks form when rock fragments are squeezed together Sedimentary Rocks Clastic rocks form when rock fragments are squeezed together Example : Shale

Sedimentary Rocks Organic rocks form where the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers Left: Coal Right: Limestone

Sedimentary Rocks Chemical rocks form when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystallize Example: Rock Salt

Metamorphic Rocks Formed from heat and pressure deep beneath Earth’s surface Classified as foliated or nonfoliated

foliated rocks have their grains arranged in parallel layers or bands Metamorphic Rocks foliated rocks have their grains arranged in parallel layers or bands Example: Schist

nonfoliated rocks have mineral grains that are arranged randomly Metamorphic Rocks nonfoliated rocks have mineral grains that are arranged randomly Example: Marble

Example of Rocks. Igneous Basalt, Granite, Obsidian Sedimentary Sandstone, Limestone, Coal Metamorphic Marble, Shale