Coach Williams Room 310B

 Formation of Sedimentary Rocks

 Formed by cemented sediments

 Solid material  Deposited on Earth’s surface  Wind, water, ice, gravity, chemical precipitation  Form sedimentary rocks

 Earth’s crust is worn down  Physical or chemical processes  Clastic sediments- rock or mineral fragments ◦ Greek klastos = broken

 Removal and movement of rock fragments  4 Main ways: ◦ Wind ◦ Moving water ◦ Gravity ◦ Glaciers  Deposition- sediments laid down ◦ Land and water 

 Sediments become rock  Greek lithos = rock  Layers of sediment = pressure  Deep layers = hot temperature  Cementation- mineral growth cements sediment together

 Bedding- horizontal layering  Graded Bedding- larger/heavier fragments at bottom layers  Cross-Bedding- layer crossing over another one

 Preserved evidence of once-living organisms ◦ Remains or impressions  Found in sedimentary rocks

 Types of Sedimentary Rocks

 Clastic- deposited loose fragments  Chemical- dissolved minerals left behind

 Classified by sediment size  Coarse-grained: gravel-sized fragments  Medium-grained: sand-sized fragments  Fine-grained: silt-sized fragments  Porosity- % of open spaces

 Evaporation- leaves minerals behind ◦ Evaporites: rocks formed this way  Organic- remains of once-living organisms ◦ Shells, bones ◦ Coal- remains of plant material; carbon; fuel

 Energy- coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear  Fertilizers  Iron  Walls/buildings  Snapshot- cross bedding & fossils

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 Metamorphic Rocks

 Temperature/pressure changes rocks ◦ Composition, minerals, texture  Meta = change Morph = form

 Regional: large regions  Contact: molten rock touches solid rock  Hydrothermal: hot water alters rock

 Foliated: minerals are wavy layers/bands  Non-foliated: no mineral grains in one directions

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 Changing and re-making of rocks