Minerals A large nugget. A Cut Diamond Quartz Hexagonal crystals (six sided)

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Presentation transcript:

Minerals A large nugget

A Cut Diamond

Quartz Hexagonal crystals (six sided)

Quartz Concoidal fracture (like a bottle breaking)

K-spar (Potassium Feldspar 2 planes cleavage-one plane fracture

Fig. 03_02C Hornblende Crystals on left- 2 planes of fracture on right

Minerals form rocks!

Polymorphism 2 minerals-same composition-different crystal form

Atomic Structure

Figure 3.5 Ionic Bonding Gain/Lose (to get 8 in outer shell) Salt/Halite

Periodic Table

Figure 3.7 Colvalent Bonding Electron Sharing (to get 8 in outer) Chlorine

Figure 3.8 Crystal form is expression of internal structure

Salt/Halite in cubes?

Diamonds-all carbon Strong bonds in all directions create form

Graphite-all carbon Weak bonds in plane make it soft

Pyrite FeS Cubic crystals, metallic luster

Quartz Glassy luster

Use of a streak plate

Moh’s scale of hardness Goes up to 10 Diamond is 10 Minerals on left Tools on right

Figure 3.14 Cleavage Mica-1 plane

What is this mess!!!!! Relax-its not that hard Why minerals have certain cleavage? Cleavage represents internal structure/bonding and defines the mineral groups

Mica Group Feldspar Group Hornblende Group Halite Calcite Fluorite Cleavage in minerals

Fracture Concoidal fracture in quartz

K-spar (potassium feldspar) 1 plane fracture (top)-2 planes cleavage

Magnetite Guess what-its magnetite!

Mineral groups defined by crystal structure

Elements-relative abundance

Minerals on earth-relative abundance

Quartz Hexagonal Crystals No cleavage Conchoidal fracture

Figure 3.26 Quartz Small amounts of impurities change color

K-spar (potassium feldspar) Salmon, 2 cleavages at 90 degrees-fracture 1 plane

Plagioclase Feldspar White, Grey, 2 cleavages at 90 degrees Fracture 1 plane Note Striations

Biotite Mica 1 cleavage-sheets

Pyroxene vs. Amphibole Groups Pyroxene-90 degree cleavage Amphibole-60/120 degree cleavage

Amphibole Group 2 cleavages at 60 and 120 degrees

Pyroxene Group 2 cleavages at 90 degrees

Olivine Group Concoidal fracture-no cleavage

Table 3.2 Non-silicate minerals

Carbonates Calcite (Ca) Dolomite (Ca-Mg)

Halides Fluorite Halite

Oxides Hematite (Iron Ore) Corundum (Ruby-red and Sapphires-blues)

Sulphides Galena (Lead Ore) Sphalerite (Zinc Ore) Pyrite (Iron ore) Cinnabar (Mercury Ore)

Sulphates Gypsum (Calcium) Near Surface Anhydrite (Calcium) At Depth

Natives

Diamonds

Precious Stones EmeraldSapphire-bluesRuby-red Corundum Beryl