1. Chapter 3 Matter and Minerals

2. Minerals

3. Minerals in Rocks

4. Minerals Natural Inorganic solid Molecular structure Chemical composition

5. Elements Mineral building blocks 115 identified 92 occur naturally Others are unstable…we think

6. Periodic Table of Elements

7. Atoms A fundamental piece of matter Smallest particle of element Retaining elemental characteristics

8. Atomic Structure (not really)

9. Creating Compounds Chemical bonding Ionic – strong & can be water soluble Covalent - strongest Metallic – electrons move freely Van der Waals – weakest Hydrogen

10. Isotopes Atoms of same element with varying numbers of neutrons May be unstable Radioactive

11. Polymorphs Diamond & Graphite Figure 3.10

12. Physical Properties Crystal Forms

13. Physical Properties Luster Metallic Non-Metallic

14. Physical Properties Color

15. Physical Properties - Hardness

16. Physical Properties Streak

17. Physical Properties Cleavage Breaks along surfaces with weak bonds Creates smooth(er) surfaces Flat, shiny surfaces (reflects light) Varies in number of planes

18. Common Cleavage Directions

19. Fluorite, Halite, & Calcite exhibit perfect cleavage

20. Physical Properties Fracture

21. Physical Properties Specific Gravity Density without units Weight of a mineral divided by the weight of an equal volume of water Quartz = 2.7

22. Other Physical Properties Magnetism Double refraction Taste Smell Reaction to acid

23. Minerals Thousands of minerals A few hundred common ~ 12 rock-forming minerals

24. Abundant Elements in the Crust

25. Mineral Groups Silicates Feldspars – Potassium & Plagioclase Quartz – Amethyst, Milky, Smoky, etc.. Micas – Muscovite & Biotite Olivine Hornblende

27. Mineral Groups Phosphates  Detergents  Fertilizers

28. End of Chapter 3