 90 % of the human cerebral cortex is neocortex (also termed isocortex)  It is phylogenetically newest and structurally most complex.  Neocortex is composed of six layers  Each layer possesses several neuronal and glial cell types.  One or more neurons dominate within each layer.

 Layers of the neocortex (from superficial to deep) and the neurons contained within them are as follows:  Molecular layer: horizontal cells (also termed horizontal cells of Cajal)  External granular layer: stellate (granule) cells  External pyramidal layer: stellate cells and large pyramidal cells  Internal granular layer: stellate cells  Internal pyramidal layer: large and medium pyramidal cells  Multiform layer: inverted pyramidal neurons (also termed Martinotti cells)

 Surface of cerebellum is thrown into a large number of folds, termed folia cerebelli, which serve to increase the surface area of the cerebellum.  Cerebellum is divided into a cortex of gray matter and a medullary center of white matter.  Cerebellar cortex is divided into three layers:  Molecular  Purkinje, and  Granular.  Each layer is named for the predominant cell type found within that layer.

 Neuronal somas for sensory spinal nerves are located within the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia.  There is a prominent, large, pale-staining nucleus and the smaller, darker-staining nucleolus within the soma.  Surrounding the neuronal somas are satellite cells, a type of glial cell found with the peripheral nervous system

 Ganglion of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is found between the circular and longitudinal layers of smooth muscle  Individual neuronal somas with prominent nuclei are visible within this ganglion.