Globalization Theories
Theories Globalisms Ideologies about globalization Categories are broad Encompass economic, political, cultural, environmental elements Objectives Identify values Institute agenda Influence policies ¤
Theories 3 competing globalism theories Market Justice Religious Market is dominant Justice- political left Religious- religious right Not anti- but alter-globalization Why is market dominant? Why are the other alter- instead of anti-? National-populists, economic protectionists American Tea Party, French Front Nationale ¤
Market Globalism
About theory Values Free market norms Agenda Open economic interaction Influence policies Promote neoliberal norms in states, IOs ¤
Market Globalism Dominant paradigm Economic focus Depends on political structures Requires cultural interaction Common language for economic exchange Symbiotic relationship with environment Raw materials ¤
Market Globalism Who pushes market globalism? MNCs Promoted by GN IOs IGOs: WTO, WB, IMF, OECD NGO: World Economic Forum (WEF) Business & political leaders, other select elites Consumer demand ¤
Market Globalism: Criticisms Anti-market activities Ultra-nationalism ‘Buy American’ Economic protectionism Tariffs, quotas, etc. MG dominated by GN, big economies ¤
Market Globalism: Criticisms Do you think the author offered a balanced approach to these theories? The Facts (and note about stats) MG is based on capitalist principles Must expand to thrive Exploitative System growth is asymmetrical More people benefit, but not everyone ¤
Justice Globalism
About theory Values Egalitarianism Agenda Global solidarity Distributive justice Influence policies Protect citizens Market globalism- ‘extreme profit strategies’ Religious globalism- fundamentalism ¤
Justice Globalism Concern for human beings Basic rights Food, clothing, shelter, etc. Abstract rights Freedom of religion, right to education, etc. Issues GN/GS disparities, environment, fair trade, labor, women’s issues, sexual orientation, etc. ¤
Justice Globalism Result of ‘social justice movement’ Local well-being in era of globalization Same global rights regardless of location Leftist reaction to MG Promote ‘global civil society’ Network of NGOs World Social Forum- counter to WEF ¤
Justice Globalism Battle in Seattle, 1999 Anti-WTO protests Relied on globalization elements to be effective Simultaneous demonstrations around world Other meeting protests WB, IMF, WEF, EU Summit, etc. ¤
Justice Globalism: Criticisms GN domination GN NGOs have more Money, technology, time, leverage, access Culturally dominate ‘We know best’ attitude ¤
Religious Globalism
About theory Values Reactionary religious zealotry Agenda Promote extreme fundamentalism Unite believers 1/3 of Muslims live as minorities = global plight for Muslim fundamentalists Spread the word Influence policies Protect citizens Outside forces that dilute religious, community culture ¤
Religious Globalism An ideology, seeks to promote a religious cause Advocate violence to realize objectives Religious groups adopt this theory, seek to implement Al-Qaeda, Muslim fundamentalism organization Jewish Defense League, militant Jewish organization Army of God, Christian terrorist anti-abortion organization Saffron terror, right-wing Hindu nationalism movement Buddhist unrest in Sri Lanka; problems in Burma/Myanmar ¤
Jihadism Eliminate western threat Promote religious state structure Unite global religious community Al-Qaeda most successful thus far Far-reaching Use glob. to facilitate mvt. ¤
Globalization Recap Theories Dominant- economic Others- political, social None mutually exclusive Rely on globalization Criticisms of each ¤