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Matter Virginia Department of Education Standards of Learning Grades 3-5 Hollins Elementary Science Institute for Teachers Hollins University June 30, 2008 Dr. Daniel R. Derringer

Standard 3.3 The student will investigate and understand that objects are made of materials that can be described by their physical properties. Key concepts include a) objects are made of one or more materials; b) materials are composed of parts that are too small to be seen without magnification; c) physical properties remain the same as the material is reduced in size. Relevant Standards

Standard 5.4 The student will investigate and understand that matter is anything that has mass, takes up space, and occurs as a solid, liquid, or gas. Key concepts include a) atoms, elements, molecules, and compounds; b) mixtures including solutions; and c) the effect of heat on the states of matter. Relevant Standards

Classification of Matter

Glossary † Matter – Anything that occupies space and has mass. † Brown, T. L.; LeMay, H. E.; Bursten, B. E.; Burdge, J. R. “Chemistry, The Central Science”; Prentice Hall: New Jersey, Classification of Matter

Glossary † Matter – Anything that occupies space and has mass. Mixture – A combination of two or more substances in which each substances retains its own chemical identity. Pure Substance – Matter that has a fixed composition and distinct properties. † Brown, T. L.; LeMay, H. E.; Bursten, B. E.; Burdge, J. R. “Chemistry, The Central Science”; Prentice Hall: New Jersey, Classification of Matter

Mixture or Pure Substance? Classification of Matter

Mixture or Pure Substance? Coffee Classification of Matter MIXTURE

Mixture or Pure Substance? Coffee Coca-Cola Classification of Matter MIXTURE

Mixture or Pure Substance? Coffee Coca-Cola Milk Classification of Matter MIXTURE

Mixture or Pure Substance? Coffee Coca-Cola Milk Sugar Classification of Matter PURE SUBSTANCE

Mixture or Pure Substance? Coffee Coca-Cola Milk Sugar Salt Classification of Matter PURE SUBSTANCE

Mixture or Pure Substance? Coffee Coca-Cola Milk Sugar Salt Water Classification of Matter PURE SUBSTANCE

Mixture or Pure Substance? Coffee Coca-Cola Milk Sugar Salt Water Air Classification of Matter MIXTURE

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Classification of Matter

Heterogeneous or Homogeneous? Classification of Matter

Heterogeneous or Homogeneous? Coffee Classification of Matter HOMOGENEOUS

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Heterogeneous or Homogeneous? Coffee Coca-Cola Milk Classification of Matter HETEROGENEOUS

Heterogeneous or Homogeneous? Coffee Coca-Cola Milk Air Classification of Matter HOMOGENEOUS

Heterogeneous or Homogeneous? Coffee Coca-Cola Milk Air Brass Classification of Matter HOMOGENEOUS

Heterogeneous or Homogeneous? Coffee Coca-Cola Milk Air Brass Bronze Classification of Matter HOMOGENEOUS

Heterogeneous or Homogeneous? Coffee Coca-Cola Milk Air Brass Bronze Granite Classification of Matter HETEROGENEOUS

Classification of Matter

Glossary † Matter – Anything that occupies space and has mass. Mixture – A combination of two or more substances in which each substances retains its own chemical identity. Pure Substance – Matter that has a fixed composition and distinct properties. Compound – A substance composed of two or more elements united chemically in definite proportions. Element – A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means. † Brown, T. L.; LeMay, H. E.; Bursten, B. E.; Burdge, J. R. “Chemistry, The Central Science”; Prentice Hall: New Jersey, Classification of Matter

Time-Life Periodic Table of the Elements Lenntech Periodic Table Classification of Matter

Glossary † Matter – Anything that occupies space and has mass. Mixture – A combination of two or more substances in which each substances retains its own chemical identity. Pure Substance – Matter that has a fixed composition and distinct properties. Compound – A substance composed of two or more elements united chemically in definite proportions. Element – A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means. Atom – The smallest representative particle of an element. † Brown, T. L.; LeMay, H. E.; Bursten, B. E.; Burdge, J. R. “Chemistry, The Central Science”; Prentice Hall: New Jersey, Classification of Matter

Glossary † Matter – Anything that occupies space and has mass. Mixture – A combination of two or more substances in which each substances retains its own chemical identity. Pure Substance – Matter that has a fixed composition and distinct properties. Compound – A substance composed of two or more elements united chemically in definite proportions. Element – A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means. Atom – The smallest representative particle of an element. Electron – A negatively charged subatomic particle found outside the atomic nucleus. Nucleus – The very small, very dense, positively charged portion of the atom; it is composed of protons and neutrons. † Brown, T. L.; LeMay, H. E.; Bursten, B. E.; Burdge, J. R. “Chemistry, The Central Science”; Prentice Hall: New Jersey, Classification of Matter

Glossary † Matter – Anything that occupies space and has mass. Mixture – A combination of two or more substances in which each substances retains its own chemical identity. Pure Substance – Matter that has a fixed composition and distinct properties. Compound – A substance composed of two or more elements united chemically in definite proportions. Element – A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means. Atom – The smallest representative particle of an element. Electron – A negatively charged subatomic particle found outside the atomic nucleus. Nucleus – The very small, very dense, positively charged portion of the atom; it is composed of protons and neutrons. Proton – A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of the atom. Neutron – An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom. Isotopes – Atoms of the same element containing different numbers of neutrons. † Brown, T. L.; LeMay, H. E.; Bursten, B. E.; Burdge, J. R. “Chemistry, The Central Science”; Prentice Hall: New Jersey, Classification of Matter

Approximately how many atoms of copper are present in a 3-g pre-1982 penny? atomic weight of copper: g (for every mole of copper atoms) One mole of anything is equivalent to 6.02 X ? Cu atoms = g Cu3 g Cu 6.02 X Cu atoms ? Cu atoms is approximately 3 X Atomic Dimensions

How high would a stack of pennies be if it contained 3 X pre-1982 pennies? The height of one penny is approximately 1 mm. The stack would be 3 X mm high. What is this height in miles? 3 X mm 1 cm 10 mm 1 in 2.54 cm 12 in 1 ft1 mi 5,280 ft 2 X mi XXXX= The average distance to the moon is approximately 240,000 mi. 8 X (stacks) 2 X mi 240,000 mi = There are approximately 7 X 10 9 people in this world. 8 X stacks 6 X 10 9 people 10 stacks per person (roughly) = Atomic Dimensions

Perimeter = 1.7 mi Circumference = 1.7 mi Atomic Dimensions

C =  x D 1.7 mi = 3.14 x D D = 0.54 mi Atomic Dimensions

The diameter of an average size atom is approximately m. The diameter of an average size nucleus is approximately m. Given these magnitudes, what would the diameter of a nucleus be, if the the diameter of the atom were 0.54 mi? m m ? mi 0.54 mi = ? mi5.4 X mi = 10 mm 1 cm 2.54 cm 1 in 1 ft 12 in5,280 ft 1 mi 9 mm (roughly) XXXX= Atomic Dimensions

The approximate mass of a piece of nuclear matter this size would be 250 million tons! Atomic Dimensions