1. Name: ______________ Period: ___________ Chapter 4

2. What’s the Matter? Anything that has ______________ and _____________________ is matter. Often discussed in terms of mass and weight Composed of elements

3. Physical Properties Characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the composition of the substance. Include: ____________________

4. Chemical properties Describes how a substance reacts with other substances. Examples include: ____________________

5. Atoms the smallest part of an element that has all the element’s properties. Composed of __________ and ___________ and ______________ that revolve swiftly around the nucleus.

6. Structure ____________ are positively charged particles ______________ have no charge, but have mass _____________ are smallest and electrically negative The number of Protons and Electron ________________ ___________________ is equal to the number of electrons which is also the proton number ___________________ is the number of neutrons and protons.

7. Electrons and Energy Levels Electrons swarm around the nucleus of an atom in layers “clouds” Each cloud has a minimum and maximum number of electrons it can hold The maximum number of layers is 7 The maximum number of electrons in each level is respectfully inner to outer: 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 18, and 18

8. Classifying Atoms Organize the elements by their atoms Classified by similar __________________ (columns/groups) and ________________________________ (rows/periods) Location will help you predict how it will react with others in bonding.

10. Isotopes and Ions Atoms of the same elements with different masses are isotopes due to a change in the number of ________________. Ions are atoms that have an ______________ number of protons or electrons

11. Bonding Atoms Atoms bond and create molecules Molecules are the smallest unit of two or more elements chemically bonded that still have the same properties of the compound Bonding occurs three ways: _____________: electrons are shared between the elements that are bonding _____________: electrons are transferred between the molecules that are bonding _____________: electrons move freely around all positive ions

12. Metallic Bonding

13. Mixtures Combination of two or more substances that are NOT chemically combines

14. HETEROGENOUS Not UNIFORMLY combined Example: SUGAR WATER OIL AND WATER CHICKEN NOODLE SOUP SAND IN A DESERT SOIL WATER

15. HOMOGENOUS Two or more substances uniformly combined throughout Also known as a _______________ Examples: SEA WATER COFFEE PERFUME RUBBING ALCOHOL

16. ALLOY A solution composed of two or more metals Example: STEEL