1. Atoms, Matter & Molecules
Science for 4th & 5th Grade!

2. Direct evidence obtained through use of the senses.
Observations
Direct evidence obtained through use of the senses.

3. Inference
A hypothesis, drawn from observations, that attempts to explain or to make sense of the observations

4. ATOM
The smallest particle into which an element may be divided and still be the same substance.

5. ATOM
The smallest part you can break Hydrogen (an element) into and still have Hydrogen.

6. Anything that has mass and takes up space. Energy is NOT matter

7. Matter is divided into 4 components:
Elements
Compounds
Mixtures
Solutions

8. ELEMENT All elements are on the Periodic Table
All matter is made of an element or a combination of elements
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Gold
A substance that consists of only one kind of atom and that cannot be chemically separated into other substances.

9. Elements:
E l e m e n t s c a n n o t b e c h a n g e d i n t o s i m p l e r s u b s t a n c e s b y a n y c h e m i c a l p r o c e s s .
E l e m e n t s a r e m a d e u p o f a t o m s .

10. Elements: simplest kind of matter Cannot be broken down into simpler
All one kind of atom.
There are 109 of these known to man

11. T y p e s o f m a t t e r C o m p o u n d s -
P u r e s u b s t a n c e s m a d e u p o f m o r e t h a n o n e e l e m e n t .

12. Compounds: substances that can be broken down by chemical methods
When they are broken down, the pieces have completely different properties than the compound.
Made of molecules- two or more atoms

13. They are pure substances put together by chemically combining elements
Compounds:
They are pure substances put together by chemically combining elements
Not all combinations of elements are compounds though– some can be mixtures!

14. So remember… ELEMENTS contain only one kind of atom
There are 109 different kinds of elements
1-109 = atomic # of the elements.

15. Solutions:
S o l u t i o n s - A s p e c i a l m i x t u r e f o r m e d w h e n o n e s u b s t a n c e d i s s o l v e s i n a n o t h e r .

16. Solutions:
S o l v e n t t h e m o s t a b u n d a n t s u b s t a n c e i n t h e s o l u t i o n .
S o l u t e t h e l e a s t a b u n d a n t s u b s t a n c e i n t h e s o l u t i o n .

17. A l l s o l u t i o n s a r e n o t l i q u i d s :
A i r i s a s o l u t i o n o f g a s e s .
S t e e l i s a s o l u t i o n o f m e t a l s .

18. Solutions Homogeneous mixture Mixed molecule by molecule
Can occur between any state of matter.
Solid in liquid- Kool-aid
Liquid in liquid- antifreeze
Gas in gas- air
Solid in solid - brass
Liquid in gas- water vapor

19. Solutions
Like all mixtures, they keep the properties of the components.
Can be separated by physical means
Do not scatter light!
Not easily separated-
but can be separated.

20. Two techniques for separating solutions:
#1. Evaporation: changing from a liquid to vapor state– leaves behind the other component.

21. #2. Distillation:
Process used to drive vapor from liquid by heating
Great for separating two or more liquids which have different boiling points.

22. MIXTURE Matter that can be physically separated into component parts
It is two or more kinds of matter that have separate identities because of their different properties.

23. When different parts of a mixture can no longer be separated into simpler substances, we call each component a
PURE SUBSTANCE

24. There are two types of mixtures:
Heterogeneous- mixture is not the same from place to place.
Chocolate chip cookie, gravel, soil.
Homogeneous- same composition throughout.
Kool-aid, air.
Every part keeps its properties.

25. Matter that consists of two or more substances mixed together: but not chemically combined or bonded.
Examples: concrete, Sea Water, a bag full of different colored marbles..
Mixtures:

26. There are 2 types of Mixtures
Heterogeneous Mixture: a mixture that appears uniform throughout. (well mixed).
Ex. Stainless Steel (Cr, Fe),
Heterogeneous Mixture: a mixture that does not appear the same throughout. (the individual substances are visible).
Ex. Soil, Raisin Brand, Chicken Noodle Soup.

27. T y p e s o f m a t t e r P r o p e r t i e s o f M i x t u r e s :
E a c h s u b s t a n c e r e t a i n s i t s o w n p r o p e r t i e s .
S u b s t a n c e s c a n b e p r e s e n t i n a n y a m o u n t .
S u b s t a n c e s c a n b e s e p a r a t e d b y s i m p l e p h y s i c a l m e a n s.

28. Which is it?
Element

29. Which is it?
COMPOUND
Water is a compound formed from two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom chemically combined. H20

30. Which is it?
MIXTURE

31. 1. Water 1. Compound 2. Compound 2. Salt 3. Element 3. Oxygen
Decide if the substance is an E l e m e n t , c o mp o u n d , m i x t u r e , o r s o l u t i o n?
1. Water
1. Compound
2. Compound
2. Salt
3. Element
3. Oxygen
4. Mixture
4. Dirt
5. Solution
5. Air
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32. 6. Copper 6. Element 7. Solution/Mixture 7. Coke 8. Solution 8. Steel
Decide if the substance is an E l e m e n t , c o mp o u n d , m i x t u r e , o r s o l u t i o n?
6. Copper
6. Element
7. Solution/Mixture
7. Coke
8. Solution
8. Steel
9. Mixture
9. Rain
10. Mixture
10. Ice-cream
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33. What about MOLECULES? These are MULTI-ATOM particles
They are the smallest particle of
a substance that still retains the
properties of that substance and is
composed of 2 or more atoms.

34. Particle of matter that is made up of two or more atoms.
MOLECULE
Particle of matter that is made up of two or more atoms.

35. MOLECULE
The smallest part you can break water (a compound) into and still have water.

36. Particle Charge Location Mass
Proton nucleus heavy
Neutron nucleus heavy
Electron energy levels very light

37. The number of protons in the nucleus
Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus 17 Cl
Chlorine
35.453

38. The number of protons PLUS the number of neutrons
Atomic Mass
The number of protons PLUS the number of neutrons 17 Cl
Chlorine
35.453

39. Cl Atomic Number: 17 Number of Protons: 17 Number of Electrons: 17
Chlorine
35.453
Atomic Number: 17
Number of Protons: 17
Number of Electrons: 17
Atomic Mass: 35
Number of Neutrons: 18

40. 17 p+
18 n0