Eating Disorders Presentation

Body Dysmorphia: When a person has a distorted and inaccurate body image.

Muscle Dysmorphia: When a person has a distorted and inaccurate idea about how much muscle they have.

Anorexia Warning Signs Dramatic weight loss Dramatic weight loss Refusal to eat certain foods or food categories (e.g. no fats, no carbs) Refusal to eat certain foods or food categories (e.g. no fats, no carbs) Consistent excuses to avoid situations involving food Consistent excuses to avoid situations involving food Excessive and rigid exercise routine Excessive and rigid exercise routine Withdrawal from usual friends/relatives Withdrawal from usual friends/relatives

Health Risks with Anorexia Heart failure Heart failure Kidney failure Kidney failure Low protein stores Low protein stores Digestive problems Digestive problems Electrolyte imbalance Electrolyte imbalance

Bulimia Warning Signs Wrappers/containers indicating consumption of large amounts of food Wrappers/containers indicating consumption of large amounts of food Frequent trips to bathroom after meals Frequent trips to bathroom after meals Signs of vomiting Signs of vomiting IE: staining of teeth, long/frequent trips to bathroom Excessive and rigid exercise routine Excessive and rigid exercise routine Withdrawal from usual friends/relatives Withdrawal from usual friends/relatives Source: National Eating Disorders Association Website

Bulimia Warning Signs Eating Disorders: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Produced and Edited by Constance M. Jones (2004) Family & friends may have difficultly detecting bulimic behavior because many individuals keep these rituals very secretive and often maintain normal or above normal body weight. Family & friends may have difficultly detecting bulimic behavior because many individuals keep these rituals very secretive and often maintain normal or above normal body weight.

Health Risks with Bulimia Electrolyte imbalance Electrolyte imbalance Laxative dependence Laxative dependence Dental problems Dental problems Stomach rupture Stomach rupture Menstruation irregularities Menstruation irregularities

Binge Eating Disorder: Warning Signs Wrappers/containers indicating consumption of large amounts of food Wrappers/containers indicating consumption of large amounts of food MAY be overweight for age and height MAY be overweight for age and height MAY have a long history of repeated efforts to diet-feel desperate about their difficulty to control food intake MAY have a long history of repeated efforts to diet-feel desperate about their difficulty to control food intake MAY eat throughout the day with no planned mealtimes MAY eat throughout the day with no planned mealtimes Source: National Eating Disorders Association Website

Health Risks with Binge Eating Disorder High blood pressure High blood pressure High cholesterol High cholesterol Gall bladder disease Gall bladder disease Diabetes Diabetes Heart disease Heart disease

Psychological factors 1. Low self-esteem 2. Feelings of inadequacy or failure 3. Feeling out of control 4. Response to change (puberty) 5. Response to stress 6. Competition for sports, dance 7. Personal illness

The following slides are not part of the note taking in class, but they are still loaded with important information!!!

More psychological factors: Vulnerable Personality Characteristics Identity difficulties Identity difficulties Need for approval Need for approval Perfectionist Perfectionist Obsessive tendencies Obsessive tendencies Irrational thinking Irrational thinking Difficulty coping Difficulty coping Inability to accept self Inability to accept self

Interpersonal Factors Troubled family and personal relationships Troubled family and personal relationships Difficulty expressing emotions and feelings Difficulty expressing emotions and feelings History of being teased or ridiculed based on size or weight History of being teased or ridiculed based on size or weight History of physical or sexual abuse History of physical or sexual abuse

Social and Cultural Factors Cultural pressures that glorify thinness and place value on obtaining the perfect body Cultural pressures that glorify thinness and place value on obtaining the perfect body Narrow definitions of beauty that include only women and men of specific body weights and shapes Narrow definitions of beauty that include only women and men of specific body weights and shapes Cultural norms that value people on the basis of physical appearance and not inner qualities and strengths Cultural norms that value people on the basis of physical appearance and not inner qualities and strengths

Biological Factors Eating disorders often run in families (learn coping skills and attitudes in family) Eating disorders often run in families (learn coping skills and attitudes in family) Genetic component—research about brain and eating in taking place (certain chemicals in the brain control hunger, appetite and digestion have been found unbalanced). Genetic component—research about brain and eating in taking place (certain chemicals in the brain control hunger, appetite and digestion have been found unbalanced). Source:

Barbie and Bodies Seven feet tall Seven feet tall 38 inch chest 38 inch chest 19 inch waist 19 inch waist 36 inch hips 36 inch hips Virtually unattainable for an adult woman Virtually unattainable for an adult woman

G. I. Joe 1970-GI Joe was 5 ft. 10 inches, 32 inch waist and 12 inch upper arms 1970-GI Joe was 5 ft. 10 inches, 32 inch waist and 12 inch upper arms inch waist and 18 ½ inch arms inch waist and 18 ½ inch arms

Treatment options Help comes in different forms including : Psychotherapy Psychotherapy Support or self-help groups Support or self-help groups Medical treatment Medical treatment Nutritional treatment Nutritional treatment Medication Medication Hospitalization Hospitalization Help is available. Get help if you need it. Encourage a loved one to get help if they need it.

How to Help Family and Friends “Tips for Talking to a Friend Who May Be Struggling with an eating Disorder” “Tips for Talking to a Friend Who May Be Struggling with an eating Disorder” *Set a time to talk *Communicate your concerns *Ask your friend to explore these concerns *Avoid conflicts *Avoid placing shame, blame, or guilt *Avoid giving simple solutions *Express your continued support By National Eating Disorders Association

Links Eating Disorders “What’s the deal?” quiz. Eating Disorders “What’s the deal?” quiz.“What’s the deal?” quiz.“What’s the deal?” quiz. Secrets of a magazine cover revealed! Secrets of a magazine cover revealed! Secrets of a magazine cover revealed! Secrets of a magazine cover revealed!

Body Image Not the entire solution, but if we have a healthy, realistic body image we are less prone to use food as a way to cope with our emotions, stress and problems. Not the entire solution, but if we have a healthy, realistic body image we are less prone to use food as a way to cope with our emotions, stress and problems.

Web Resources Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders – National Eating Disorders Association National Eating Disorders Association – American Dietetic Association American Dietetic Association – Something Fishy Web Site on Eating Disorders Something Fishy Web Site on Eating Disorders –