THE QUALITATIVE INVESTIGATION of PARVOVIRUS, CORONAVIRUS and GIARDIA spp. ANTIGENS in DOGS. Alperen URAL* Serkal GAZYAĞCI * Kirikkale University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

PARVOVIRUS INFECTION IN DOGS Canine parvovirus is a highly contagious viral disease that can produce a life-threatening illness. The virus attacks rapidly dividing cells in a dog's body, most severely affecting the intestinal tract. Parvovirus also attacks the white blood cells, and when young animals are infected, the virus can damage the heart muscle and cause lifelong cardiac problem General Symptoms The general symptoms of parvovirus are lethargy, severe vomiting, loss of appetite and bloody, foul-smelling diarrhea that can lead to life-threatening dehydration. Transmission Parvovirus is extremely contagious and can be transmitted by any person, animal or object that comes in contact with an infected dog's feces. Highly resistant, the virus can live in the environment for months, and may survive on inanimate objects such as food bowls, shoes, clothes, carpet and floors. It is common for an unvaccinated dog to contract parvovirus from the streets, especially in urban areas where there are many dogs.

CORONAV I RUS I N DOGS Coronavirus is a viral infection of the digestive tract found usually in puppies, but also in adult dogs. It is common in unvaccinated dogs boarded in kennels. It is not typically a fatal virus. Symptoms 1. Very foul smelling, watery, yellow/orange diarrhea 2. Lethargy, 3. Loss of appetite, 4. Fever 5. Vomiting This virus may be prevented by: Regular vaccination of your dog starting at around 6 weeks of age will help prevent this disease. Regular sanitation of kennels and boarding facilities may help control the spread of this virus.

G I ARD I A SPP. I N DOGS Giardia in dogs (also known as giardiasis) became well known several decades ago when a different strain of the organism was identified as causing persistent diarrhea in people. Once an understanding was developed that the condition is spread through feces contaminated swimming pools, food, drinking water, and surfaces, did the awareness of the disease increase. This awareness led to an understanding of giardiasis in animal health and improvements in detection methods. The most common giardia dog symptoms are moderate to severe diarrhea with or without mucus. It is rare for the diarrhea to contain blood. Other symptoms includes vomiting. Most dogs that shed giardia cysts are asymptomatic, which means that they do not show any giardia symptoms.giardia dog symptoms There are several prescription medications available for giardia dog treatment. This includes:giardia dog treatment Fenbendazole/febantel (50 mg/kg for 5 days) is effective in most dogs. Metronidazole (25 mg/kg 5 days). In some dogs Metronidazole can be toxic Drontal Plus (3 days)

The aim of this study was the evaluate a commercial test kit for diagnosis of Parvovirus, Coronavirus and Giardia Spp. antigens and lead to treatment for unhealthy dogs.

MATER I AL AND METHOD This study was carried out in 112 dogs with diarrhea Parvovirus, coronavirus and giardia spp were searched in the faeces. A special test was used for detecting of these agents. ( Anigen Rapid CPV-CCV-Giardia Ag)

TEST APPL I CAT I ON 1. Collect the samples from canine feces using the 2 swabs. 2. Insert the swab into the specimen tube containing 1ml of assay diluents (P-C) for CPV-CCV Ag Test. 3. Insert the swab into the specimen tube containing 1ml of assay diluents (G) for Giardia Ag Test 4. Mix the swab samples with each assay diluent to extract well. 5. Remove the test device from the foil pouches, and places it on a flat and dry surface. 6. Using the disposable dropper provided, take the samples from extracted and mixed specimens in the tube. (Use different disposable droppers for assay diluents (P-C), and assay diluents (G)) 7. Add four (4) drops into each sample hole using the disposable dropper. The mixed assay diluent should be added exactly, slowly drop by drop. 8. As the test begins to work, you will see purple color move across the result window in the center of the test device. If the migration has not appeared after 1 minute, add one more drop of the mixed assay diluent to the sample well.

ADVANTAGES OF SPEED TEST D I AGNOS I S Fast Easy manuplation Lead to treatment Non invasive method

R ESULTS ParvovirusCoronavirusGiardia spp. Number of dogs5127 Coronavirus antigen was detected in 12 dogs and Parvovirus antigen and Giardia spp. antigen was found in 5 dogs and 7 dogs relatively according to principles of manufacturer. No dog was found have two or three antigens.

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