Bell Ringer #1 Answer this question in 2 paragraphs, at least 5 sentences each. Why do you think teenagers choose to start smoking, even though they know it’s illegal? Also, why would they start with knowing all of the negative health consequences?

Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum The largest single preventable cause of illness and premature death in the United States

Classification of Smokers Stimulation Handling - oral gratification Pleasurable relaxation Crutch - tension reduction Craving - addiction Habit

Stimulation A person who gets a lift from smoking The perking up effect is due to nicotine

Handling Oral gratification Handle or manipulate Fulfills certain emotional needs

Pleasurable Relaxation One smokes for positive feelings: Contentment Achievement Victory Satisfaction

Crutch One uses cigarettes to manage negative effects ( used as a tranquilizer): Tension reduction Stressful situations Anger Anxiety

Craving Psychological and physical addiction Quitting smoking is difficult The smoker craves a cigarette first to increase positive feelings and second to decrease negative feelings of withdrawal

Habit A behavioral pattern has been established Smoking loses its former functions Relaxation, emotional needs Smoker gets little satisfaction

Consequences of Smoking Statistics and Diseases

Research Finding Male smokers have approximately twice the cancer death rate as nonsmokers Female smokers have approximately 40% the cancer death rate as nonsmokers Deaths associated with cigarette smoking have ranged up to nearly 500,000 per year. Coronary heart disease, lung cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease

Research Finding Life expectancy is shortened by 8 to 9 years Death rates increase with the amount of cigarettes smoked and are proportional to the duration of smoking More chronic health conditions occur, such has: Bronchitis, emphysema, sinusitis, peptic ulcer, arteriosclerosis heart disease

Research Finding Acute health conditions increase: Influenza, asthma, sinusitis, bronchitis Males 14% higher for acute conditions Females 21% higher for acute conditions

Research Finding In the United States an estimated 25 million men (25.7%) and 22.6 million women ( 21.5%) are smokers More than 6,000 people under the age of 18 try a cigarette each day Each day more than 3,000 persons under the age of 18 become daily smokers

Research Finding Pregnancy and Infants The more a women smokes during pregnancy, the greater the reduction in infant birth weight Risks: Spontaneous miscarriage Fetal death Placental disorders Bleeding Pre - term delivery

Research Finding Pregnancy and Infants Infant Risks: Long term growth Intellectual development Behavioral characteristics SIDs (sudden infant death syndrome)

Involuntary/Passive Smoke (Second Hand Smoke) Irritation of the eyes, nose and throat Experience stress, coughing, wheezing, allergic reaction, asthma Increases risk of lung cancer among nonsmokers by 34% 20% of lung cancer deaths among nonsmokers are attributed to passive smoke

A Gateway Drug Smoking is one of the primary sources of drug interaction in the human body Tolerance: reduced sensitivity resulting in the need for increased dosage to achieve the desired drug effect

Constituents of Tobacco There are over 4,000 other harmful chemicals that can be found in tobacco smoke!!

Chemical Constituents Nicotine ( causes addiction ) Carbon Monoxide ( exhaust from cars ) Formaldehyde ( preserves dead bodies ) Ammonia ( cleaner ) Carbon Dioxide ( global warming ) Tar (contains several carcinogens)

Metal Constituents Aluminum Copper Lead Mercury Zinc

Nicotine Addiction

What Causes Nicotine Addiction? Nicotine is an addictive drug It causes chemical changes in the brain Causes unpleasant withdrawal symptoms similar to heroin or cocaine. Good feelings that result when nicotine is present and bad feelings when it is absent

What else does Nicotine do to the Body ? The body responds immediately the chemical nicotine Causes short term increase in; Blood pressure Heart rate Flow of blood from the heart Arteries narrow

What else does Nicotine do to the Body ? Carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen the blood can carry Creates an imbalance between the demand for oxygen by the cells and the amount of oxygen the blood can supply

How does Carbon Monoxide increase the risk of heart attacks? Hardening of the arteries: Carbon monoxide may damage the inner walls of the arteries Encourages the buildup of fat in the arteries Vessels narrow and harden

How does Nicotine increase the risk of heart attacks? Causes several changes in the blood that form blood clots Heart attacks and Strokes are more likely

Symptoms of Nicotine Withdrawal Nicotine is rapidly eliminated by the kidneys. It remains in the body for about two hours Symptoms: Irritability Impatience Hostility Anxiety Depression Difficulty concentrating

Smokeless Tobacco

Three Forms Plug Chew Snuff Shredded tobacco leaves which are pressed into a hard block and placed between the cheek and gum (a wad). Chew Shredded tobacco leaves placed between the cheek and gum (a wad). Snuff Ground-up moist tobacco placed between the bottom lip and gum (dipping).

Ingredients Nicotine Carcinogens (nitro amines) Sweeteners (sugars and flavorings) Abrasives Salt Other chemicals (hundreds of other chemicals)

Risks Mouth Cancer (50% higher) Throat / Stomach Cancer (larynx / esophagus) Heart Disease Dental diseases Peptic Ulcers Loss of taste and smell Decrease in physical well being

Nicotine Addiction Nicotine is just as addictive as cocaine or heroin Each tin of snuff contains a lethal dose of nicotine Holding a chew or dip in your mouth for 30 minutes equals four cigarettes

Quitting Tips Make a list of all the reason you want to quit Pick a date to quit and make it public Make it difficult to use tobacco Get more exercise Avoid situation and people that use Get nicotine out of the body Reward yourself frequently

How to Say No Just say “NO” Leave the area Make an excuse Suggest a better idea Explain the dangers of chewing