Metallic Mineral Resources By Miss Patcharin Kosuwan Code Department of Geological Sciences

Metallic mineral resources Gold, Silver, Platinum group Copper, Iron, Zinc Manganese, Lead etc.

Concentration of elements on the earth crust (%). Aluminum8 Copper Gold Iron6 Lead Mercury Nickel Uranium Zinc0.008 ( 2002)

Global precious mineral Reserves Gold Silver ( 2002)

Global metallic mineral Reserves ( 2002)

Changes in world mineral reserves and cumulative demand (%) (Page, 1980).

World production and demand of Nickel in 1999 ( 2002)

Metallic Mineral Resource in Thailand

Total mineral production value in Thailand(2001) Mineral used value Production value Export value

Manufacturing activities mining (especially gold mining) and smelting Wastewater entering lakes, rivers, etc. Health effects Metallic Mineral Impact

Environmental Impact L html gold mining in Romania

Cadmium (Cd)

Found in industrial workplaces, ore processed or smelted. Metal fume fever result from acute exposure with flu-like symptoms of weakness, fever, headache, chills, sweating and muscular pain. Chronic cadmium poisoning are cancer (lung and prostate), kidney damage (excretion of excessive protein in the urine), pulmonary emphysema and bone disease (osteomalcia and osteoporosis). In Japan, "itai-itai" disease cause by cadmium-contaminated water. Maybe cause of anemia, teeth discoloration (Cd forms CdS) and loss of smell (anosmia).

$Breathing contaminated workplace air (battery manufacturing, metal soldering or welding). $Eating foods containing it; low levels in all foods (highest in shellfish, liver, and kidney meats). $Breathing cadmium in cigarette smoke (doubles the average daily intake) or air near the burning of fossil fuels or municipal waste $Drinking contaminated water. How might we exposed to cadmium?

&Set a limit of 5 parts of cadmium per billion parts of drinking water (5 ppb). &The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) limits the amount of cadmium in food colors to 15 parts per million (15 ppm). &The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) limits workplace air to 100 micrograms cadmium per cubic meter (100 mg/m 3 ) as cadmium fumes and 200 mg cadmium/m 3 as cadmium dust. The federal government made recommendations to protect human health

Mercury (Hg)

Where can Mercury be found?  Production of some batteries, thermostats, cameras, thermometers, barometers cathode tubes, calculators and small appliances  Medical laboratory chemicals and hearing aides  Catalyst in production of urethane polymers for plastics  Cathode in electronic production of chlorine and caustic soda  Mercury vapor lamps and switches (electrical)

How are we exposed to Mercury?  By eating contaminated fish and shellfish  Accidental mercury spills  Incinerators and facilities burning Hg- containing fuels (i.e. coal or other fossil fuels, mercury-containing wastes)  In some cases, unborn children are exposed through the mother's blood and infants may be exposed through breast milk

Harmful Effects of Mercury  May cause cancer  Damages the stomach and large intestine  Permanently damages the brain and kidneys  Permanently harms unborn children  Can cause lung damage, increased blood pressure and heart rate

Lead (Pb)

Lead and Life

- Lead in the body is dangerous because it interferes with normal body functions. - It can change the way the blood-forming cells work,alter the way nerve cells signal each other, and lead can disturb or destroy the way the brain makes connections for thinking. WHY IS LEAD DANGEROUS?

WHAT IS LEAD TOXICITY?  Low levels of lead in the body when a child's brain is developing can slow the child's development and cause learning and behavior problems.  Lead-exposed children may not be as quick at their studies or as good at hitting a baseball or dribbling a basketball as children without the lead exposures.  It can reach the womb and fetus during pregnancy.

Copper (Cu)

How might we be exposed to copper? By breathing air and eating food containing copper. By drinking water containing copper, particularly if you have copper pipes. By swimming in lakes or ponds where copper was added to the water. By handling coins and touching other metals containing copper. By touching soil near industries where copper is mined or disposed of.

COPPER (Cu) What are other sources of copper intake? –Drinking water. –Dust and particles. –Copper cookware.

#Menke's Disease is difficult to absorb copper when the body needs it #Wilson's Disease is difficult to get rid of it when the body does not need it. #copper in the air can irritate your nose, mouth, and eyes, and cause dizziness, headaches, and diarrhea. #cause liver and kidney damage and effects on the blood. #cause vomiting, stomach cramps, and nausea. #Skin contact with copper can result in an allergic reaction in some people. How can copper affect my health?

Manganese (Mn)

How might I be exposed to manganese?  Everyone is exposed to small amounts of manganese in air, water, and food.  Individuals who work in occupations that mine or use manganese are likely to be exposed to excess levels in their work environment.  People who improperly use pesticides such as maneb and mancozeb, may be exposed to excess levels.

Disease from manganese Combination of symptoms is a disease called “manganism” have to exposed to manganese for many months or years. manganese injures a part of the brain that helps control body movements. Exposure to high levels of airborne manganese, such as in a manganese foundry or battery plant, can affect motor skills such as holding one's hand steady, performing fast hand movements, and maintaining balance Respiratory problems and sexual dysfunction.

The federal government made recommendations to protect human health.  Set level of manganese in drinking water at 0.05 mg/L.  Set a limit of 5 mg/m 3 of workplace air during an 8-hour workday, 40-hour workweek.  Recommended safe and adequate daily intake levels for manganese that range from 0.3 to 1 mg/day for children up to 1 year, 1 to 2 mg/day for children up to age 10, and 2 to 5 mg/day for children 10 and older.

!!!!Thank You !!!!