Theory of Architecture 2 Assignment #1 Santiago Calatrava By: Husain Mubarak ID: 20002488

Who is Calatrava ? 1/2 1968-1969: Attends Art School in Valencia 1951, 28 July: Santiago Calatrava Valls, born in Benimamet near Valencia, Spain. 1968-1969: Attends Art School in Valencia 1969-1974: Studies architecture at the "Escuela Tecnica Superior de Arquitectura de Valencia" qualifying as an architect Post-graduate Course in Urbanism. 1975-1979: Studies Civil Engineering at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zurich

Who is Calatrava ? 2/2 1979-1981: Doctorate in Technical Science of the Department of Architecture ETH Zurich Ph. D. Dissertation on the foldability of Spaceframes Assistant at the Institute for Building Statics and Construction and for the Institute Aerodynamics and Lightweight Construction at the ETH, Zurich . 1981: Architectural and engineering practice established in Zurich. Made many exibitions all over the world. Member of many Acadimies. Got many prizes and awards as: - European Glulam Award, (Glued laminated Timber Construction), Munich in 1991 - Brunel Award, for Stadelhofen Railway Station, Zurich in 1992 - Honor Parize, for Urban Arquitectonic Merit, Pedreguer in 1993

Calatrava's Design Approach 1/2 He borrows Le Corbusier’s expression. He believes that geometry is fundamental to understand architecture, and he approachs his work through geometry. Materials and the way they are processed, are extremely important for design. He says " Concrete, although an inexpensive material, when dealt with imaginatively can make beautiful buildings. It is, however, a difficult material and requires a great deal of expertise“ Guided by the saying "nature is both, mother and teacher“. This saying has guided all my work. He says " there are many lessons one can draw from nature, real guiding rules and metaphors from observing plants and animals”.

Calatrava's Design Approach 2/2 He has build a tree-like structures and frequently his designs recall the form of skeletons. Behind this is the principle of repetition. Nature also is the guiding principle for his sculptures. The configuration of most of these works is, derived from the human body. He recognizes the dynamic aspect of the landcape. He says :” A landscape should never be seen as static. Something dynamic is always happening. “

Some of Calatrava’s work 1.Turning Torso 1/2 # in Sweden, 1999- # started out as a sculpture, shaped by revelation from the human form into a turning movement. # This sculpture has now evolved to this exciting house.

Some of Calatrava’s work Turning Torso 2/2 The height of the Turning Torso building will be approximately 190 metres. The building will contain 54 floors, divided into 9 cubical units. The floors will be of different sizes and the residence space will increase towards the top of the construction, as the size of the house core decreases, while the exterior remains the same size. The average floor will be 400 square metres.

Some of Calatrava’s work 2.Oriente Station 1/2 Lisbon Portugal It came from a large forest of metal trees, like a row of cut-out muscle men, rise on a pedestal to cover the space of the station. The station is made out of three self-contained parts and is divided into two levels. The raised level holds the platforms for the national train network; the lower level connects to the underground and emerges

Some of Calatrava’s work Oriente Station 2/2 The structural elements are painted white and the nerves of these so-called palms spread out to hold a folding glass roof where geometry and organic shapes find a synthesis in abstraction. The main material is concrete, the bridge parapets are made of glass. The Bus station is rather straightforward in the structural sense, but no less expressive.

Some of Calatrava’s work 3.Lyon-Satolas TGV Station Lyon, France. The TGV Station at the Lyon-Satolas airport, France has the tension of a bird about to take-off. The almost forty meter tall steel and concrete structure refers to the metaphor of a enormous bird with spread out wings

Some of Calatrava’s work 4.Montjuïc Telecommunications Tower Barcelona Spain Built in the heart of the 1992 Olympic site, to carry coverage of the Games. The tower is innovative in enclosing the circular platform of microwave dishes. The overall form of the tower is based on a Calatrava sketch of a kneeling figure making an offering. The orientation of the tower means that the shadow of the central needle on the circular platform acts as a sundial.  

Some of Calatrava’s work 5.City of Science Museum of Science Valencia, Spain The latticework of the south facade adopts the figure of a large bone structure, reminiscent of the gigantic remains of the last dinosaurs. concrete structure, aluminium clad on south-facing side; glazed on north-facing side Length 241 m, width 104 m  

Some of Calatrava’s work 6.City of Science Planetarium Valencia, Spain resembles an eye, has metal sides that can be lowered to suggest eyelids The globe is cradled like the pupil of an eye in a concrete socket, which is sheltered by the laminated glass pod.