Connect.barcodeoflife.org

Promote barcoding as a global standard Build participation Working Groups BARCODE standard International Conferences Increase production of public BARCODE records Networks, Projects, Organizations Barcode of Life Community

Principles and Goals Free and open access Standardization and scalability Specimen-centered Rapid data release following primary QA/QC Ongoing crowd-sourced data curation Enable accelerated modern taxonomy Navigate across data types (DNA, specimens, species, publications, georeferences) Locate, aggregate, display and analyze data, resources

How Barcoding Works Building the reference library: – Well-identified specimen – Tissue subsample – DNA extraction, PCR amplification – DNA sequencing – Data submission to GenBank Using the reference library: – Unidentified specimen – Tissue, DNA, sequencing – Comparison with reference sequences

How Barcoding is Done From specimen to sequence to species Voucher Specimen DNA extractionCO1 geneDNA sequencing Trace file Public Databases of Barcode Records Collecting ND3ND3 COIIICOIII ND2ND2 ND1ND1

NBII, 25 February 2009 BOLD Workbench for Barcode Data Assembly/Analysis

GenBank, EMBL, and DDBJ Official Archival Repositories of Barcode Data

Current Norm: High throughput Large labs, hundreds of samples per day ABI 3100 capillary automated sequencer Large capacity PCR and sequencing reactions

● US$ K purchase ● 2-3 hours processing time ● samples per day ● US$3-5 per sample

Technology Development Partnership Goal The DNA Sequencing Lab of 2013?

Producing Barcode Data: 201? Barcode data anywhere, instantly Data in seconds to minutes Pennies per sample Link to reference database A taxonomic GPS Usable by non- specialists

Status of Barcode Data BOLD records (public and private): – 956,000 records, 78,000 named species BARCODE records in GenBank: – 194,000 records – Insects: 150,000 records – Fish: 23,500 records – Birds: 6,000 records – Mammals: 2500 records

BARCODE Data Standard Required Elements for COI Species designation Voucher ID in standard Darwin Core format Minimum 500 bp, >1% ambiguous sites Bidirectional overlapping reads, 2 trace files Primer name and sequences Country/ocean region Strongly recommended: – Collection date and collector – Identifier – Latitude/longitude

Non-COI regions for other taxa Land plants: – Chloroplast matK and rbcL approved Nov 09 – Non-coding plastid and nuclear regions being explored Fungi and protists: – CBOL Working Groups convened – Recommendations expected in 2010

Barcode Sequence Voucher Specimen Species Name Specimen Metadata Literature (link to content or citation) BARCODE Records in INSDC Indices - Catalogue of Life - GBIF/ECAT Nomenclators - Zoo Record - IPNI - NameBank Publication links - New species Georeference Habitat Character sets Images Behavior Other genes Trace files Other Databases Phylogenetic Pop’n Genetics Ecological Primers Databases - Provisional sp.

Linkout from GenBank to BOLD

ISBER: 13 May 2009 Linkout from GenBank to Taxonomy

ISBER: 13 May 2009 Link from GenBank to Museums

Washington Airport Gate 3 Dulles, National, or Baltimore-Washington? 2 concourses at BWI concourse A or B? 3 concourses at National 4 Dulles concourses

The Controlled Vocabulary of Airport Codes

Darwin Core Triplet Structured Link to Vouchers Institutional Acronym Collection Code Catalog ID ::

Structured Link to Vouchers NHMLEP :: personalDHJanzenSRNP12345 ::

NCBI’s Biorepository List Compiled from Index Herbariorum, literature sources, GenBank submissions 6,936 records 1,177 records with non-unique acronyms 517 homonymous acronyms 374 shared by two records 143 shared by three records

AMNH Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Akureyri DivisionAkureyriIceland AMNHAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkUSA UNLUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Monterrey, Nuevo LeónMexico UNLUniversity of Nebraska State MuseumLincoln, NebraskaUSA UNL Centro de Estratigrafia e Paleobiologia da Universidade Nova de LisboaMonte de CaparicaPortugal ZMKZoological Musem, KristianiaOsloNorway ZMKZoologisches Museum der Universität KielKielGermany ZMKZoological Museum, CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark

CBOL/GBIF/NCBI Registry of Biorepositories

Mixture of: Single collections Repository institutions Networks/consortia Databases NGOs Does NOT include: GenBank EMBL DDBJ BOLD

What Should We Do? CBOL will invest a year to populate institution and collection data in biorepositories.org Hope to build synchronization with: – Institution database at GenBank – Index Herbariorum – Authority files in BOLD Hope to install web services How can we accelerate registration process? Where should the data reside long-term? – GenBank? – GBIF?