Learning Style and Intelligence Chapter 3

What is learning style?

Your learning style is your learning preference. How do you like to learn?

Knowing about Your Learning Style Helps You to: n Be more productive n Increase achievement n Be more creative n Improve problem solving n Make better decisions n Learn more effectively

Learning Style n Visual n Auditory n Kinesthetic/Tactile

Learning Style Memory Exercise n 15 items will be passed around. Can you remember them?

How did you remember the items? n Did you remember what you could see, feel, hear or touch? n What is your strongest preference?

Learning Style Exercise: The Paper Airplane

What worked best for you? n Auditory n Visual n Or kinesthetic?

Visual Learners n Learn through seeing and reading n Prefer written directions n Often good readers

Visual Learners Learn Best With: n pictures n illustrations n photos n graphs n diagrams n maps

Visual Learning Techniques n Mental photograph or video n Flash cards n Highlighting n Draw pictures to remember n Use pictures or symbols in the margin to remember n Draw a map or outline

Auditory Learners n Learn through listening and talking n Remember what they hear better than what they see

Auditory Learners: n Prefer to listen to instructions n Often like to talk on the phone or listen to music n Learn best if they can hear and see the assignment

Auditory Learning Techniques n Discuss what you have learned with others n Participate in study groups n Recite aloud n Teach others what you have learned n Use flash cards and say the items n Use music in the background if it does not distract you or use it as a break from studying

Kinesthetic/Tactile Learners n Learn through doing n Remember hands on activities n Use their hands to build, create, plant, draw or decorate

Kinesthetic/Tactile Learners: n Learn the assignment best by using physical activity

Kinesthetic/Tactile Learning Techniques n Read while walking or pacing n Study outside when practical n Take notes on lectures n Highlight or underline n Write summaries n Outline chapters n Think of practical applications

Activity: Complete the Learning Style Quiz in the Textbook

Brainstorm: Learning Techniques n Four groups: n Auditory n Visual n Tactile/kinesthetic n Combination types n What learning techniques match these preferences? Write them on the board.

Productivity Environmental Preference Survey (PEPS) n Elements of learning style n Environmental n Emotional n Sociological n Physical

Environmental n Sound n Light n Temperature n Design (formal or informal)

Emotional n Motivation n Persistence n Responsibility n Structure

Sociological n Alone/peer n Authority figures present n Several ways

Physical n Auditory n Visual n Tactile n Kinesthetic n Intake n Evening/morning n Late morning n Afternoon n Mobility

Written Exercise n Understanding your Peps Learning Style Inventory

Your Personality and Your Learning Style

For review, what is your personality type? n Extravert or Introvert? n Sensing or Intuitive? n Thinking or Feeling? n Judging or Perceptive?

Extraverts n Learn best when in action n Value physical activity n Like to study with others

Extravert n Learn by talking. n Discuss what you have learned with others. n Like variety and action. Take frequent breaks and do something active.

Caution! n Extraverts can get so distracted by activity and socialization that the studying does not get done.

Introverts n Learn best by pausing to think n Value reading n Prefer to study individually n Need quiet for concentration

Introvert n Find a quiet place to study by yourself. n Plan to study for longer periods of time so you can concentrate. n Find places with minimal distractions such as the library. n Unplug the phone.

Caution! n This type may miss out on sharing ideas with others and the fun and social life of college.

Sensing n Seeks specific information n Memorizes facts n Values what is practical n Follows instructions n Likes hands-on experience n Wants clear assignments

Sensing n Good at mastering facts and details. n Think about practical applications to motivate yourself. n Ask, “How can I use this.”

Caution! n This type may miss the big picture or general outline by focusing too much on the facts and details. Make a general outline to see the relationship and meaning of the facts.

INtuitive n Seeks quick insights n Uses imagination to go beyond the facts n Values what is original n Likes theories n Reads between the lines n Independent thinkers

INtuitive n Good at learning concepts and theories n Ask yourself, “What is the main point?”

Caution! n Since this type focuses on general concepts and theories, they are likely to miss the details and facts. To learn the details, organize them into broad categories that have meaning for you.

Thinking n Wants objective material to study n Logic guides learning n Likes to critique new ideas n Finds flaws in an argument n Learns by challenge and debate n Wants logical presentations

Thinking n Thinking types are good at logic. n Ask yourself, “What do I think of these ideas?” n Debate or discuss your ideas with others. n Allow time to think and reflect on your studies.

Caution! n These types construct logical arguments and defend them. They may need to learn to respect the ideas of others, especially feeling types.

Feeling n Wants to be able to relate to the material personally n Personal values are important n Likes to please instructors n Learns by being supported and appreciated n Wants faculty who establish personal rapport with students

Feeling n Search for personal meaning to motivate yourself. n Help others to learn. n Whenever possible, choose classes that relate to your personal interests. n Find a comfortable environment for learning.

Caution! n This type may neglect studies because of time spent in helping others. n They may find it difficult to pay attention to material that is not personally meaningful.

Learning Strategies for Different Personality Types

Judging n Find ways to organize the material to learn it easier. n If possible, select instructors who present material in an organized way. n Set goals and use a schedule to motivate yourself. n Use a daily planner or to-do list.

Caution! n This type tends to be structured and controlled which can limit creativity. n They may be in conflict with others who are less organized. n They may be overachievers who get stressed easily.

Perceptive n Good at looking at the possibilities and keeping the options open. n Allow time to be thorough and complete your work. n Have fun while learning. n Study in groups with a mixture of perceptive and judging types.

Caution! n This type may work on too many projects at once. n Work on managing your time to meet deadlines.

Personality ANOTHER LOOK

USE 2 LETTERS

ARE YOU:

4 GROUPS n SJ NT n SP NF

NT THINKER Likes quiet time for thinking Likes problem solving Skeptical Analytic Logical Curious

NF GIVER Enjoys studying with others Enjoys helping others learn Enthusiastic Romantic Intuitive Intensive Authentic

SJ ORGANIZER Organize the material to learn it Try highlighting or flash cards Responsible Helpful Hard-working Loyal Traditional

SP ADVENTURER Study in a variety of ways Keep on the move Develop games to memorize Study with fun people Playful Optimistic Daring Impulsive

Group Activity: Divide into 4 GROUPS n SJ NT n SP NF

Group Activity: Make a list of adjectives that describe your favorite teacher. Have the recorder write your responses on the board.

HERE ARE SOME TYPICAL RESPONSES

SJ

SJ n ResponsibleDependable n FairPractical n Role model Prepared n DedicatedIn Control n ExperiencedOrganized n Take ChargeStep by step n SpecificPrecise n To the Point Rewards for Good Work

SP

SP n UnpredictableLaid Back n OpportunitiesExploration n Fun!Entertaining n Sense of HumorFlexible n InterestingVariety n On the Go Patient n Different Perspectives Try New Things

NF

NF n OpenCreative n CalmHonest n EmpathicPersonal n MentorTutor n CompassionateEnabler n Tolerant Helpful n Role ModelSupportive

NT

NT n KnowledgeableClear n Logical ThinkingCreative n CompetentFreedom n AnalyticalInquisitive n Problem SolvingPrecise n Lab ExperiencesPraises Ingenuity n ChallengingThorough n AuthoritativeIntelligent

What if your personality does not match the teacher’s personality?

Choose a different teacher.

Notice your mental pictures and let them go! As if they were balloons floating away

What else? n Adapt n Tolerate n Appreciate n Understand n Communicate

Group Activity: Adapting to Different Teaching Styles

Free Write n Describe your learning style. n How does your personality affect your learning style? n How does learning style affect career choice? For example, if you are a judging type who is good at details and organization, what career would match this type?

Multiple Intelligences

n Developed by Howard Gardner n Defined as the human ability to solve problems or design or compose things valued in at least one culture n Broadens the scope of human potential

Learning Style n Intelligences put to work n Measured by your performance n You can develop these areas and become competent in each one

MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES Verbal/Linguistic Logical-Mathematical Musical/Rhythmic Visual/Spatial Bodily/Kinesthetic Intrapersonal Interpersonal Naturalist

Your textbook provides an opportunity to explore your multiple intelligences.

These intelligences work together in complex ways to make us unique individuals.

Textbook Activity: S umming Up Learning Style

Keys to Success: Create Your Success

Some Examples: n Victor Frankl, concentration camp survivor and author of Man’s Search for Meaning n Cristopher Reeve

Create Your Success n We make decisions and choices that create the future. n Our behavior leads to our success or failure.

Sometimes we blame others n My parents did it to me. n My teacher gave me a poor grade. n My boss gave me a poor evaluation.

When we take responsibility for our actions, we create our success.

Ask these questions: n How did I create this situation? n How can I make the best of it? n What can I do about it now? n If I didn’t create it, how do I choose to react to it?

Caution! n Sometimes you do not create it all. n You can still choose your attitude and reaction to what has happened.

Steven Covey n Author of Seven Habits of Highly Effective People. n Chooses to use the word: response-ability n Suggests that we use resourcefulness and initiative to create the future we want

Textbook Activity: Create Your Success