Unit 2: Early Modern Europe Exploration and Expansion EQ 4: What impact did European exploration and colonization have on Africans and African slavery?

Early Slavery 1. Prisoners of war 2. Served as slave for period of time 3. Normally only males were slaves The slavery that developed during the Age of Exploration was different than earlier slavery 1. Racial 2. Inherited status 3. For life

 Plantation system  Required intensive labor for cash crops (sugar, tobacco, cotton, rice, etc)  Native American not a good solution  Diseases  Inexperienced farmers  Knew territory too well  Indentured Servants didn’t work well  Temporary (7 yrs)  Too much free land to keep them

 Experience in agriculture  Immune to Europe’s diseases  Stranger in strange land

The Triangular Trade  Europe brought goods to Africa in exchange for slaves  Carried slaves to New World in exchange for raw materials  Took raw materials to Europe for finished goods

Middle Passage  2 nd leg of triangular trade  Africans crammed onto slave ships for 3-6 week voyage to New World

 Locations  Spain  Caribbean sugar plantations  Portugal  Brazilian plantations  England  West Indies & North America  Living Conditions  Division of labor  Most worked as field hands  Some did mining  Skilled craftsmen continued their trade  Women often did domestic chores

 Poor diets  Heavy on carbohydrates/ lean on protein  Legal status of property  Master owned slave’s spouse/children  Harsh punishments  Flogging most common punishment for petty crimes

Slaves tried to fight back however they could  Tried to preserve their culture  Sabotage work (slow down/break equipment)  Revolts  Run away/escape These last 2 carried heavy penalties

Pushed African advancement back  Took future leaders from their homeland  million taken away  Millions killed as result of slave raids, Middle Passage, cruel treatment  Caused tribal divisions and warfare  African Diaspora = the splitting apart & scattering of African culture throughout the western world

 Slave labor contributed to the growing wealth of Europe and American colonists  African culture & peoples spread around the world  Nations eventually torn apart over moral question of slavery  Racial prejudice & discrimination developed & shaped the social culture of the nations in which it occurred