North Dakota Injury Prevention Conference 10/08 Fire & Life Safety Fundamentals Dave Renli, Executive Director Sioux Empire Safety Village

1. During this one hour presentation, participants will learn a few basic principles of prevention with an emphasis on Fire Safety Education. 2. We will briefly explore Haddon's Matrix, often used to analyze an injury event, and see how to use it as a program design tool for prevention programs. 3. Finally, we will speak about community collaboration as a means to get the "biggest bang for our limited prevention bucks". Objectives.

Targeting? or missing the mark? αμαρτία Hamartia

Defining Injury An injury is tissue damage caused by the transfer of energy to the body above or below the tolerance of human tissue. (Interesting Question- Can objects become injured?) (Question- What is the relationship between sunburn and skin cancer?) Injuries are caused by kinetic, thermal, mechanical, electrical or chemical energy or from the absence of such essentials as heat or oxygen.

The Story

It’s an 80 degree day. Someone is out mowing the lawn in shorts, sandals and a t-shirt. After about an hour the mower runs out of gas. Going to the garage, the person brings out the two gallon gas can and opens the tank to fill. While pouring the gas, a bit spills on the exhaust and ignites. The person who is down wind of the mower is engulfed in flame for a couple seconds, but runs clear of the fire and danger area and collapses. Sustains 1 st and 2nd degree burns to the arms and legs and superficial 2 nd degree burns to the face. Neighbor sees the event unfold and calls EMS arrives, irrigates the burns, bandages and transports to the nearest facility. ER cleans, medicates, bandages and admits, concerned about inhalation of superheated air. Treatment continues over a couple days. The person is release with numerous visits to the doc over the next couple months.

The Injury Triangle ENVIRONMENT AGENT HOST VECTOR

Concepts of Injury Control Haddon’s Matrix Vector

Injury Prevention: The Three E’s Engineering Enforcement Education

Haddon’s Ten Prevention Countermeasures for Injury 1. Stabilize, Repair and Rehabilitate provide best practice standards of emergency, hospital, and rehabilitation care 2. Counter damage already done transporting head injured and spinal cord injured appropriately 3. Increase resistance to injury education about calcium intake in preventing osteoporosis

Haddon’s Ten Prevention Countermeasures for Injury 4. Modify the relevant basic qualities of the hazard padded dashboards crunch panels 5. Separate the hazard and its release by a material barrier four sided pool fencing 6. Separate people from the hazard and its release using time or space pedestrian crossing lights, bike lanes

Haddon’s Ten Prevention Countermeasures for Injury 7. Change the rate or spatial distribution at which the hazard is released – release bindings on skis 8. Prevent inappropriate release of hazard – storing firearms in locked cases 9. Reduce Amount of Energy – limiting horsepower in motorized vehicles 10. Prevent Creation of Energy – don’t manufacture firecrackers

Considering the 3 strategies of prevention and the 10 countermeasures lets consider how we might change the outcome our little story?

► 4. Modify the relevant basic qualities of the hazard 5. Separate the hazard and its release by a material barrier 6. Separate people from the hazard and its release using time or space ► 1. Stabilize, Repair and Rehabilitate 2. Counter damage already done 3. Increase resistance to injury 4. Modify the relevant basic qualities of the hazard 5. Separate the hazard and its release by a material barrier 6. Separate people from the hazard and its release using time or space 7. Change the rate or spatial distribution at which the hazard is released 8. Prevent inappropriate release of hazard 9. Reduce Amount of Energy 10. Prevent Creation of Energy Vector Education Engineering Enforcement

Injuries are: UnderstandablePredictablePreventable

Community Collaboration Biggest Bang for the Prevention Buck ► Are injury issues owned and are best solutions found from “injury prevention specialists?” ► Or ► Are injury issues owned and best solutions found by a group of interested public and or community partners?

COLLABORATION BUILDING Personal Network Other Injury Pub. Ed'ers Teachers Nurses Cooperative Program Network Health Dept. Hospitals Corporations Other Public Health Groups Media Formal Advisor Networks Sanctioned Group Steering Committee Corporate Health Media IPS

In closing ► Our job is to efficiently use our limited resources to reduce the number and severity of injuries to our constituents. ► Understanding how injuries occur and being able to clearly break down an injury sequence into understandable bites, allows an injury prevention specialist to identify multiple potential solutions for prevention efforts. ► Including others with “fresh eyes” helps to ensure that the project is on track and the best possible solutions are used. ► Remember people support what they help create!