API Spacer Wettability Tests May 30th – June 10th , 2013 Mud-Spacer Compatibility Test & Goniometer Contact Angle Test Wettability Test with Stirred Fluid Loss Apparatus SSST Test & Goniometer Contact Angle Test on Final Mixture SSST Test & Goniometer Contact Angle Test on Final Mixture (rerun)
Spacer-Mud Compatibility Test & Goniometer Contact Angle Test Beaker Size (ml) 150 Mud:Spacer Volume Percent Mud:Spacer Grams Rheologies at Temperature ( 190 degF) Visual Observations Pv Yp Separation Settling Flocculation Baseline Average Treated Slides 600 300 200 100 60 30 20 10 6 3 yes/no 228.69 0.00 64 48 32 22 18 14 12 39 9 95 5 217.26 11.97 34 26 8 24 Yes No 75 25 171.52 59.87 42 4 43.85 77.93 50 114.35 119.75 54 41.77 74* 57.17 179.62 38 16 27 11 42.79 72.93 11.43 227.52 44 41.41 30.76 239.50 68 40 * Goniometer won’t take measurement, contact angle was estimated to be 74 degree
Stirred Fluid Loss Apparatus Measure contact angle baseline on goniometer Metal slide average contact angle = 73.02° Glass slide average contact angle = 38.56° Mud coated on both slide (Atmosphere Temp) Spacer conditioned at 190° in stirred fluid loss apparatus Glass slide became completely water wet Metal slide had a average contact angle of 83.25°
SSST – First Run Spacer Added (ml) Spacer (%) Conductivity Baseline 0.0 125 60 23.1 80 28.6 20 100 33.3 55 160 44.4 90 180 47.4 95 200 50.0 96 220 52.4 97 240 54.5 260 56.5 280 58.3 300 60.0 320 61.5 340 63.0 98 360 64.3 380 65.5 400 66.7 420 67.7 101 440 68.8 103 460 69.7 104 480 70.6 110 500 71.4 520 72.2 111 540 73.0 113 560 73.7 115
Goniometer - Final SSST Mixture Treated No Coating 100% Mud Coated for 10 sec Rinse Wipe Avg. Base Avg. C.Angle Glass 41.69 78.82 40.30 62.50 43.69 63.81 45.69 36.53 Metal 78.42 86.67 80.85 85.65 83.96 90.32 - Wiped slides show lower contact angle (water-wet) compared with rinsed ones. Glass slides coated with mud before dipping into SSST final mixture give a lower contact angle. To reinforce this observation, same test was rerun as shown in next page. Metal slides didn’t show similar results as glass ones. Metal slide became more oil-wet after treated with mud.
SSST – Rerun Spacer Added (ml) Spacer (%) Conductivity Baseline 0.0 0.0 125 20 9.1 2 40 16.7 60 23.1 4 80 28.6 100 33.3 120 37.5 95 140 41.2 104 160 44.4 105 180 47.4 108 200 50.0 110 220 52.4 111 240 54.5 116 260 56.5 119 280 58.3 300 60.0 320 61.5 340 63.0 121 360 64.3 380 65.5 124 400 66.7 420 67.7 440 68.8 460 69.7 480 70.6 530 72.6
Goniometer - Final SSST Mixture Treated (Rerun) No Coating 100% Mud Coated for 10 sec for 10 min Rinse Wipe Avg. Base Avg. C.Angle Glass 28.83 72.24 29.94 55.40 27.13 69.14 29.82 51.03 34.83 83.17 27.24 45.85 Metal 86.43 88.77 84.97 83.49 85.87 - New glass slides yield to a baseline around 30°, used glass slides cleaned by IPA and DI water yield to a base line around 43° Wiped slides show lower contact angle (water-wet) compared with rinsed ones. Glass slides coated with mud before dipping into SSST final mixture give a slightly lower contact angle, which repeats the result in previous test. However, glass slide coated with mud for 10 minutes gave a higher contact angle (oil-wet). Time duration of treatment may have a big effect on wettability result. Tests can be run with metal slides are limited by the quantity of metal slides available in lab.